Mayfield R D, Harris R A, Schuckit M A
Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Br J Pharmacol. 2008 May;154(2):275-87. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.88. Epub 2008 Mar 24.
Plentiful data from both animal and human studies support the importance of genetic influences in substance abuse and dependence (Bierut et al., 1998; Tsuang et al., 1998; Kendler et al., 2003). This review summarizes the evidence supporting such genetic influences, places them into perspective regarding animal and human studies, discusses the importance of both genes and environment, and highlights some specific genes of interest regarding the vulnerabilities for problems associated with alcohol use disorders. A long history of repetitive heavy use of alcohol exists across generations as well as the high prevalence of alcohol-related problems in Western societies. Moreover, the information offered here addresses the importance of more general issues regarding genetics and gene expression related to alcohol abuse and dependence.
来自动物和人类研究的大量数据支持了遗传因素在物质滥用和依赖中的重要性（比鲁特等人，1998年；苏恩等人，1998年；肯德勒等人，2003年）。本综述总结了支持此类遗传影响的证据，结合动物和人类研究对其进行了审视，讨论了基因和环境的重要性，并强调了一些与酒精使用障碍相关问题的易感性有关的特定基因。几代人都存在长期反复大量饮酒的历史，而且西方社会中与酒精相关问题的患病率很高。此外，这里提供的信息阐述了与酒精滥用和依赖相关的遗传学和基因表达等更普遍问题的重要性。
