Stitou Rajaa
Université Paul Valéry, Psychopathologie Clinique, Montpellier III, France.
Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2008 Mar;6(1):23-31. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2008.0117.
This paper, which refers to psychoanalysis and anthropology, is devoted to the clinical impact of suffering to get old on foreign earth, at the junction of singularity and culture, on psychic and social sides. It presents some elements on: the discontentment or even the misery of those called foreign workers and who, however, live more and more their retirement and their old age far from the world which contains their language and their culture; the necessity of a redevelopment of settings for listening, when confronted to a suffering whose expressive forms exceed the logic underlying the classical conceptual frames, and disturbs the social and caregiver professionals. This approach leaves place, at first, to the subjective resonance of exile without which one cannot understand what old subjects have to pass through. This exile, which cannot be reduced to emigration, and which sometimes is again actualized with violence during the passage to retirement and aging, reminds to each one his incompleteness and mortality. It disturbs the self-feeling and the relation to others, which require to pass by cultural references to feel being protected and humanized. Listening, to be efficient, should not break or emphasize their difference, but has to be attentive to the peculiar link which connects him to its culture; link which allows him to give sense in every decisive moment of existence.
本文涉及精神分析与人类学，致力于探讨在异国他乡变老所带来的痛苦在个体独特性与文化的交汇点上，在心理和社会层面所产生的临床影响。它呈现了以下几方面的内容：那些被称为外来务工人员的不满甚至苦难，然而，他们在远离包含其语言和文化的世界中度过越来越多的退休时光和老年生活；当面对一种痛苦，其表达形式超越了经典概念框架所基于的逻辑，并扰乱了社会和护理专业人员时，重新构建倾听环境的必要性。这种方法首先让位于流亡的主观共鸣，没有它就无法理解老年个体所经历的一切。这种流亡不能简单归结为移民，并且有时在步入退休和老年的过程中会再次以暴力形式显现，它让每个人都意识到自己的不完整性和必死性。它扰乱自我感觉以及与他人的关系，而这需要借助文化参照来感到受保护和被赋予人性。为了有效倾听，不应打破或强调他们的差异，而必须关注将其与自身文化相连的特殊纽带；这种纽带使他能够在生存的每个决定性时刻赋予意义。
