Hertel P T, Rude S S
Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1991 Sep;120(3):301-9. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.120.3.301.
Ss diagnosed as depressed, recovered from depression, or without a history of depression performed an unintentional learning task, followed by tests of free and forced recall. In the learning task, Ss decided whether a series of nouns sensibly completed corresponding sentence frames that varied in decision difficulty. For half of the Ss, the focus of attention was unconstrained by the demands of this task. The others, however, were required to repeat the targeted noun at the end of the trial as a means of focusing their attention on the task. Depressed Ss in the unfocused condition subsequently recalled fewer words than did both control groups, but this deficit disappeared in the focused condition. These results suggest that depression might not fundamentally impair the resources required for good performance on such tasks. The results' relevance to resource-allocation, initiative, and inhibition accounts of depressive deficits in memory is discussed.
被诊断为患有抑郁症、已从抑郁症中康复或无抑郁症病史的受试者执行了一项无意学习任务，随后进行自由回忆和强制回忆测试。在学习任务中，受试者要判断一系列名词是否合理地完成了在决策难度上有所不同的相应句子框架。对于一半的受试者，注意力焦点不受该任务要求的限制。然而，其他受试者则被要求在试验结束时重复目标名词，以此将他们的注意力集中在任务上。在注意力未集中条件下的抑郁症受试者随后回忆起的单词比两个对照组都少，但这种缺陷在注意力集中条件下消失了。这些结果表明，抑郁症可能不会从根本上损害在此类任务中良好表现所需的资源。讨论了这些结果与抑郁症记忆缺陷的资源分配、主动性和抑制解释的相关性。
