Marenco Luis, Nadkarni Prakash, Martone Maryann, Gupta Amarnath
Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2007;401:23-36. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-520-6_2.
Data interoperability between well-defined domains is currently performed by leveraging Web services. In the biosciences, more specifically in neuroscience, robust data interoperability is more difficult to achieve due to data heterogeneity, continuous domain changes, and the constant creation of new semantic data models (Nadkarni et al., J Am Med Inform Assoc 6, 478-93, 1999; Miller et al., J Am Med Inform Assoc 8, 34-48, 2001; Gardner et al., J Am Med Inform Assoc 8, 17-33, 2001). Data heterogeneity in neurosciences is primarily due to its multidisciplinary nature. This results in a compelling need to integrate all available neuroscience information to improve our understanding of the brain. Researchers associated with neuroscience initiatives such as the human brain project (HBP) (Koslow and Huerta, Neuroinformatics: An Overview of the Human Brain Project, 1997), the Bioinformatics Research Network (BIRN), and the Neuroinformatics Information Framework (NIF) are exploring mechanisms to allow robust interoperability between these continuously evolving neuroscience databases. To accomplish this goal, it is crucial to orchestrate technologies such as database mediators, metadata repositories, semantic metadata annotations, and ontological services. This chapter introduces the importance of database interoperability in neurosciences. We also describe current data sharing and integration mechanisms in genera. We conclude with data integration in bioscience and present approaches on neuroscience data sharing.
目前，通过利用网络服务来实现定义明确的领域之间的数据互操作性。在生物科学领域，更具体地说是在神经科学领域，由于数据的异质性、领域的不断变化以及新语义数据模型的不断创建，要实现强大的数据互操作性更加困难（纳德卡尼等人，《美国医学信息学会杂志》6，478 - 93，1999；米勒等人，《美国医学信息学会杂志》8，34 - 48，2001；加德纳等人，《美国医学信息学会杂志》8，17 - 33，2001）。神经科学中的数据异质性主要源于其多学科性质。这就迫切需要整合所有可用的神经科学信息，以增进我们对大脑的理解。参与神经科学计划的研究人员，如人类大脑计划（HBP）（科斯洛和韦尔塔，《神经信息学：人类大脑计划概述》，1997）、生物信息学研究网络（BIRN）以及神经信息学信息框架（NIF），正在探索机制，以实现这些不断发展的神经科学数据库之间的强大互操作性。为实现这一目标，精心安排诸如数据库中介、元数据存储库、语义元数据注释和本体服务等技术至关重要。本章介绍了神经科学中数据库互操作性的重要性。我们还概述了当前的数据共享和整合机制。最后，我们阐述了生物科学中的数据整合，并介绍了神经科学数据共享的方法。
