Miller T Q, Turner C W, Tindale R S, Posavac E J, Dugoni B L
Loyola University of Chicago.
Psychol Bull. 1991 Nov;110(3):469-85. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.110.3.469.
The findings of many studies conducted before 1978 suggest that Type A behavior (TAB) contributes to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, many recent studies have found no association between these variables. Through meta-analysis, several reasons for null findings are identified. First, a type of range restriction bias, disease-based spectrum (DBS) bias, produced many null findings. A study is vulnerable to DBS bias when researchers select only high-risk or diseased Ss for study. Second, self-report measures of TAB were often associated with null findings. Finally, null results were found for all studies that used fatal myocardial infarction as a disease criterion. In addition to identifying the reasons for null findings, this research suggests that TAB, as assessed by the structured interview, is associated with CHD. More Type As (70%) were found in diseased populations of middle-aged men than in healthy populations of middle-aged men (46%).
1978年以前进行的许多研究结果表明，A型行为（TAB）会促进冠心病（CHD）的发展。相比之下，最近的许多研究并未发现这些变量之间存在关联。通过荟萃分析，确定了得出无关联结果的几个原因。首先，一种范围限制偏差，即基于疾病的谱（DBS）偏差，产生了许多无关联结果。当研究人员仅选择高危或患病的研究对象进行研究时，一项研究就容易受到DBS偏差的影响。其次，TAB的自我报告测量结果往往与无关联结果相关。最后，所有以致命性心肌梗死作为疾病标准的研究都得出了无关联结果。除了确定无关联结果的原因外，这项研究还表明，通过结构化访谈评估的TAB与CHD相关。在中年男性患病群体中发现的A型行为者（70%）比中年男性健康群体（46%）中的更多。
