Batista Dora, Fonseca Sandra, Serrazina Susana, Figueiredo Andreia, Pais Maria Salomé
Unit of Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Science and Technology (ICAT), Science Faculty, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
Plant Cell Rep. 2008 Jul;27(7):1185-96. doi: 10.1007/s00299-008-0537-6. Epub 2008 Mar 28.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first accurate and reliable protocol for hop (Humulus lupulus L.) genetic transformation using particle bombardment. Based on the highly productive regeneration system previously developed by us for hop var. Eroica, two efficient transformation protocols were established using petioles and green organogenic nodular clusters (GONCs) bombarded with gusA reporter and hpt selectable genes. A total of 36 hygromycin B-resistant (hyg(r)) plants obtained upon continuous selection were successfully transferred to the greenhouse, and a first generation group of transplanted plants was followed after spending a complete vegetative cycle. PCR analysis showed the presence of one of both transgenes in 25 plants, corresponding to an integration frequency of 69.4% and an overall transformation efficiency of 7.5%. Although all final transformants were GUS negative, the integration frequency of gusA gene was higher than that of hpt gene. Petiole-derived transgenic plants showed a higher co-integration rate of 76.9%. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed co-integration in 86% of the plants tested and its stability until the first generation, and identified positive plants amongst those previously assessed as hpt (+) only by conventional PCR. Our results suggest that the integration frequencies presented here, as well as those of others, may have been underestimated, and that PCR results should be taken with precaution not only for false positives, but also for false negatives. The protocols here described could be very useful for future introduction of metabolic or resistance traits in hop cultivars even if slight modifications for other genotypes are needed.
据我们所知,这是首个利用粒子轰击法对啤酒花(Humulus lupulus L.)进行准确可靠的遗传转化的方案。基于我们之前为啤酒花品种Eroica开发的高效再生系统,利用携带gusA报告基因和hpt选择基因的叶柄和绿色器官发生结节状簇(GONCs)建立了两种高效转化方案。经连续筛选获得的36株抗潮霉素B(hyg(r))植株成功转移至温室,并在经历完整的营养周期后对第一代移植植株进行跟踪观察。PCR分析表明,25株植株中存在两种转基因中的一种,整合频率为69.4%,总体转化效率为7.5%。尽管所有最终转化体的GUS检测均为阴性,但gusA基因的整合频率高于hpt基因。源自叶柄的转基因植株显示出更高的共整合率,为76.9%。实时PCR分析证实,在86%的检测植株中存在共整合现象,并且这种共整合现象在第一代之前都是稳定的,同时在那些之前仅通过常规PCR评估为hpt(+)的植株中鉴定出了阳性植株。我们的结果表明,这里呈现的以及其他研究中的整合频率可能被低估了,而且PCR结果不仅要谨慎对待假阳性,也要谨慎对待假阴性。这里描述的方案对于未来在啤酒花品种中引入代谢或抗性性状可能非常有用,即使需要针对其他基因型进行一些微调。