Bernstein L E, Demorest M E, Coulter D C, O'Connell M P
Center for Auditory and Speech Sciences, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC 20002.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1991 Dec;90(6):2971-84. doi: 10.1121/1.401771.
Three vibrotactile vocoders were compared in a training study involving several different speech perception tasks. Vocoders were: (1) the Central Institute for the Deaf version of the Queen's University vocoder, with 1/3-oct filter spacing and logarithmic output scaling (CIDLog) [Engebretson and O'Connell, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-33, 712-716 (1986)]; (2) the same vocoder with linear output scaling (CIDLin); and (3) the Gallaudet University vocoder designed with greater resolution in the second formant region, relative to the CID vocoders, and linear output scaling (GULin). Four normal-hearing subjects were assigned to either of two control groups, visual-only control and vocoder control, for which they received the CIDLog vocoder. Five normal-hearing and four hearing-impaired subjects were assigned to the linear vocoders. Results showed that the three vocoders provided equivalent information in word-initial and word-final tactile-only consonant identification. However, GULin was the only vocoder significantly effective in enhancing lipreading of isolated prerecorded sentences. Individual subject analyses showed significantly enhanced lipreading by the three normal-hearing and two hearing-impaired subjects who received the GULin vocoder. Over the entire training period of the experiment, the mean difference between aided and unaided lipreading of sentences by the GULin aided hearing-impaired subjects was approximately 6% words correct. Possible explanations for failure to confirm previous success with the CIDLog vocoder [Weisenberger et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 1764-1775 (1989)] are discussed.
在一项涉及多种不同言语感知任务的训练研究中，对三种振动触觉声码器进行了比较。声码器分别为：（1）聋人中央研究所版本的女王大学声码器，具有1/3倍频程滤波器间距和对数输出缩放（CIDLog）[恩格布雷森和奥康奈尔，《IEEE生物医学工程汇刊》BME - 33，712 - 716（1986）]；（2）具有线性输出缩放的相同声码器（CIDLin）；以及（3）相对于CID声码器在第二共振峰区域设计有更高分辨率且具有线性输出缩放的加劳德特大学声码器（GULin）。四名听力正常的受试者被分配到两个对照组中的任意一组，即仅视觉对照组和声码器对照组，他们在这两个组中都接收CIDLog声码器。五名听力正常的受试者和四名听力受损的受试者被分配到线性声码器组。结果表明，这三种声码器在单词起始和单词结尾的仅触觉辅音识别中提供了等效信息。然而，GULin是唯一在增强孤立预录制句子的唇读方面有显著效果的声码器。个体受试者分析表明，接受GULin声码器的三名听力正常的受试者和两名听力受损的受试者的唇读能力有显著提高。在整个实验训练期间，GULin辅助的听力受损受试者在句子唇读辅助和未辅助情况下正确单词的平均差异约为6%。讨论了未能证实先前使用CIDLog声码器取得成功的可能原因[魏森伯格等人，《美国声学学会杂志》86，1764 - 1775（1989）]。
