Hayes N V, Rayner D A, Woods A, Baines A J
Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K.
Biochem Soc Trans. 1991 Nov;19(4):1042-8. doi: 10.1042/bst0191042.
Associated with the neuronal plasma membrane are cytoskeletal proteins which probably control the specialization of the membrane into axonal and dendritic domains. Specialized isoforms of the proteins spectrin and ankyrin are located in each region and provide molecular mechanisms for locating specific transmembrane proteins at required points. However, spectrin and ankyrin were defined by extensions of the model for the erythrocyte membrane, an analogy unlikely to provide a complete account of the neuronal membrane skeleton. We have defined two new proteins of the neuronal membrane skeleton, designated p103 and A60. p103 is enriched in post-synaptic densities and binds with high affinity to integral membrane proteins--we suggest that it may have a role in linking the cytoskeleton to synaptic glycoproteins. A60 is a 60 kDa axonal protein, which appears to form a lining to the axolemma. It is almost exclusively axonal, although some neurons (such as Purkinje cells) appear to contain it in the cell body and initial dendrite segment. A60 binds both ankyrin and neurofilaments, and may have a role in transmitting information critical to axonal morphology to the membrane.
与神经元质膜相关的是细胞骨架蛋白，它们可能控制着膜向轴突和树突区域的特化。血影蛋白和锚蛋白的特殊异构体位于每个区域，并为在所需位置定位特定跨膜蛋白提供分子机制。然而，血影蛋白和锚蛋白是通过红细胞膜模型的扩展来定义的，这种类比不太可能完全解释神经元膜骨架。我们已经定义了神经元膜骨架的两种新蛋白，分别命名为p103和A60。p103在突触后致密物中富集，并与整合膜蛋白高亲和力结合——我们认为它可能在将细胞骨架与突触糖蛋白连接中发挥作用。A60是一种60 kDa的轴突蛋白，似乎在轴膜上形成一层衬里。它几乎只存在于轴突中，尽管一些神经元（如浦肯野细胞）在细胞体和初始树突段似乎也含有它。A60既结合锚蛋白又结合神经丝，可能在将对轴突形态至关重要的信息传递到膜上发挥作用。
