Akolo C, Ukoli C O, Ladep G N, Idoko J A
AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria Centre, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
Niger J Med. 2008 Jan-Mar;17(1):83-7. doi: 10.4314/njm.v17i1.37363.
The clinical characteristics and consequences of HIV-I infection observed in studies from developed countries cannot be generalized across the multiple virus subtypes that circulate in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. This study was therefore conducted to determine the commonest symptoms and signs at presentation in HIV-infected individuals at the Jos University Teaching Hospital.
This descriptive study was conducted at the antiretroviral clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, between May and October 2004. Two hundred (200) newly diagnosed and laboratory confirmed adult cases of HIV infection without prior antiretroviral drug use were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Each qualified patient had a comprehensive history taken with emphasis on the clinical symptoms and detailed physical examination performed by the researchers. The data collected were analyzed using a multipurpose computer programme, Epi-info 2000 version 1.1.3 (Atlanta GA, USA).
There were 86 (43.0%) males and 114 (57.0%) females whose mean ages were 39.0 +/- 7.8 and 32.0 +/- 8.1 years, respectively. The major symptoms in the study population were: weight loss (65.5%), fever (41.5%), chronic cough (38.5%), diarrhea (32.0%), pruritus (13.0%) and body rash (12.5%). The major signs were pallor (25.0%), oral thrush (20.5%), wasting (20.0%), lymphadenopathy (18.0%), dermatitis (16.0%), hyperpigmented nails (13.5%) and finger clubbing (8.5%).
The symptoms and signs of HIV/AIDS obtained were similar to those obtained by other workers from different parts of the world; however, the findings of hyperpigmented nails and finger clubbing have not been frequently reported for other populations.
在发达国家进行的研究中所观察到的HIV-1感染的临床特征及后果，不能推广至撒哈拉以南非洲地区，尤其是尼日利亚普遍流行的多种病毒亚型。因此，本研究旨在确定乔斯大学教学医院HIV感染个体就诊时最常见的症状和体征。
本描述性研究于2004年5月至10月在乔斯大学教学医院的抗逆转录病毒诊所进行。在获得知情同意后，招募了200例新诊断且经实验室确诊的未使用过抗逆转录病毒药物的成年HIV感染病例。每位符合条件的患者均进行了全面的病史采集，重点关注临床症状，并由研究人员进行详细的体格检查。所收集的数据使用多功能计算机程序Epi-info 2000版本1.1.3（美国佐治亚州亚特兰大）进行分析。
共有86例（43.0%）男性和114例（57.0%）女性，其平均年龄分别为39.0±7.8岁和32.0±8.1岁。研究人群中的主要症状为：体重减轻（65.5%）、发热（41.5%）、慢性咳嗽（38.5%）、腹泻（32.0%）、瘙痒（13.0%）和皮疹（12.5%）。主要体征为：面色苍白（25.0%）、鹅口疮（20.5%）、消瘦（20.0%）、淋巴结病（18.0%）、皮炎（16.0%）、指甲色素沉着（13.5%）和杵状指（8.5%）。
所获得的HIV/AIDS症状和体征与世界其他地区的研究人员所获得的相似；然而，指甲色素沉着和杵状指的发现尚未在其他人群中频繁报道。
