Sarpe Nicolae, Poienaru Stefan, Maschio Mirco
Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 61 Mărăşti blvd., Bucharest, Romania.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2007;72(2):271-7.
In the year 2006, the first experience with the NO-TILLAGE system for sunflower crops was organized in Romania, using the Pioneer PR64E83 sunflower hybrid resistant to the tribenuron-methyl herbicide. The experience took place in the Danube river flood plain, on an alluvial soil with a content between 3.1-4.5% and a content of clay of 34-40%. In the conventional system, in the fall of the year 2005, autumn ploughing was carried out, along with harrowing, and in spring the land was tilled two more times, using both the disk and the harrow. Before sowing, the land was prepared by using the combiner-machine. After the sunflower sprouted, three-time mechanical hoeing between the rows, as well as three-time manual hoeing on the sunflower row were performed. In the no-tillage system, no autumn ploughing, nor any other soil work were performed, and the sunflower was sowed directly, by using the Gaspardo seeder. Before sowing, the soil was covered in proportion of 70% by species of weeds of the Cirsum, Sonchus and Polygonum amphibium type. To destroy these species of weeds, 3 days before sowing, the soil was treated with the Roundup herbicide in a dose of 7 litres/ha. After the sunflower sprouted, when the plants had 4-5 leaves, the following sulphonylurea herbicides were applied post-emergently. (1) Express 50SG--which contains tribenuron-methyl (2) Granstar 75DF--which contains 75% tribenuron-methyl (3) Titus 25DF--which contains 25% rimsulfuron (4) Mistral--which contains 40 g/L nicosulfuron (5) Lintur 70WG--which contains 4.1% triasulfuron + 65.9% dicamba (6) Peak 75WG--which contains 75% prosulfuron The Express 50SG and Granstar 75DF herbicides were selective for the sunflower hybrid PR64E83, and the other herbicides although belonging o the same sulphonylurea group, they proved to have a very phytotoxic effect upon the sunflower crop. In the report, selectivity is presented depending on the dose of herbicide, weed control and sunflower production.
2006年，罗马尼亚首次开展了针对向日葵作物的免耕系统试验，使用的是抗苯磺隆除草剂的先锋PR64E83向日葵杂交种。试验在多瑙河河漫滩进行，土壤为冲积土，土壤含量在3.1%至4.5%之间，粘土含量为34%至40%。在传统种植系统中，2005年秋季进行了秋耕和耙地，春季又使用圆盘耙和耙进行了两次耕地。播种前，使用联合整地机整地。向日葵发芽后，进行了三次行间机械中耕以及三次向日葵行内人工中耕。在免耕系统中，未进行秋耕及其他任何土壤作业，而是使用加斯帕多播种机直接播种向日葵。播种前，土壤被刺儿菜、苦苣菜和两栖蓼等杂草覆盖了70%。为消灭这些杂草种类，播种前3天，用7升/公顷的草甘膦除草剂处理土壤。向日葵发芽后，当植株有4至5片叶子时，进行了以下苗后磺酰脲类除草剂的施用。(1) Express 50SG——含有苯磺隆 (2) Granstar 75DF——含有75%苯磺隆 (3) Titus 25DF——含有25%砜嘧磺隆 (4) Mistral——含有40克/升烟嘧磺隆 (5) Lintur 70WG——含有4.1%醚磺隆 + 65.9%麦草畏 (6) Peak 75WG——含有75%丙酯磺隆。Express 50SG和Granstar 75DF除草剂对向日葵杂交种PR64E83具有选择性，而其他除草剂虽然属于同一磺酰脲类，但对向日葵作物具有很强的植物毒性。报告中根据除草剂剂量、杂草控制情况和向日葵产量阐述了选择性。
