Béres I, Szente D, Gyenes V, Somlyay I
University of Veszprém, Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Sciences.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2005;70(3):475-9.
Sunflower is the most important oil crop in Hungary, is the base of the production of cooking oil and moreover takes an important part in production of margarine too. Extracted sunflower groats as a secondary product origining from the mentioned procedure can be used in forage successfully. The amount of harvested sunflower reaches the 20-25% of the EU's yield. The sowing area approaches 500 thousand hectares. The essential condition of successful crop production is the perfect weed control. Sowing areas are infected with monocotyledon and dicotyledonous weeds too. Annual dicotyledonous weeds are the most troublesome. The worst species is the Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Many other weed species as Abutilon theophrasti MEDIC., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. can cause serious damages. In our model experiments we examined the herbicide sensibility of two commercial sunflower cultivars as "Iregi szürke csikos", "Marica II" and a sulfonylurea-urea tolerant new hybrid "PR63E82". The experiment was set up under greenhouse conditions with the use of four important weed and different post-emergent herbicide as Modown 4F (bifenox), Pledge 50 WP (flumioxazin) and Granstar 75 DF (tribenuron-methyl). We applied normal and double doses too. Sunflower was cultivated to 4-6 leaf stage. Post-emergent herbicides were sprayed out when weeds were in 2, 2-4 and 4-6 leaf stage. Weed killer and phytotoxic effects of post-emergent herbicides were examined. We declared that development of weeds had significally effect on the effectiveness of different herbicides.
向日葵是匈牙利最重要的油料作物，是食用油生产的基础，并且在人造黄油生产中也起着重要作用。作为上述加工过程产生的副产品，提取后的向日葵碎粒可成功用于饲料。匈牙利向日葵的收获量达到欧盟产量的20%-25%。播种面积接近50万公顷。作物成功种植的关键条件是完美的杂草控制。播种区也受到单子叶和双子叶杂草的侵染。一年生双子叶杂草最为棘手。最有害的物种是豚草。许多其他杂草物种，如苘麻、曼陀罗和苍耳，也会造成严重损害。在我们的模型实验中，我们检测了两个商业向日葵品种“Iregi szürke csikos”、“Marica II”以及一个耐磺酰脲-尿素的新杂交品种“PR63E82”对除草剂的敏感性。该实验在温室条件下进行，使用了四种重要杂草以及不同的苗后除草剂，如Modown 4F（乙羧氟草醚）、Pledge 50 WP（氟嘧磺隆）和Granstar 75 DF（苯磺隆）。我们还使用了正常剂量和双倍剂量。向日葵种植到4-6叶期。当杂草处于2叶期、2-4叶期和4-6叶期时，喷施苗后除草剂。检测了苗后除草剂的除草效果和对植物的毒性作用。我们发现杂草的生长对不同除草剂的效果有显著影响。
