Shaw Martha, Black Donald W
Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
CNS Drugs. 2008;22(5):353-65. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001.
Internet addiction is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges or behaviours regarding computer use and internet access that lead to impairment or distress. The condition has attracted increasing attention in the popular media and among researchers, and this attention has paralleled the growth in computer (and Internet) access. Prevalence estimates vary widely, although a recent random telephone survey of the general US population reported an estimate of 0.3-0.7%. The disorder occurs worldwide, but mainly in countries where computer access and technology are widespread. Clinical samples and a majority of relevant surveys report a male preponderance. Onset is reported to occur in the late 20s or early 30s age group, and there is often a lag of a decade or more from initial to problematic computer usage. Internet addiction has been associated with dimensionally measured depression and indicators of social isolation. Psychiatric co-morbidity is common, particularly mood, anxiety, impulse control and substance use disorders. Aetiology is unknown, but probably involves psychological, neurobiological and cultural factors. There are no evidence-based treatments for internet addiction. Cognitive behavioural approaches may be helpful. There is no proven role for psychotropic medication. Marital and family therapy may help in selected cases, and online self-help books and tapes are available. Lastly, a self-imposed ban on computer use and Internet access may be necessary in some cases.
网络成瘾的特征是对计算机使用和网络接入存在过度或控制不良的关注、冲动或行为，进而导致功能损害或痛苦。这种情况在大众媒体和研究人员中引起了越来越多的关注，而这种关注与计算机（及互联网）接入的增长是同步的。患病率估计差异很大，不过最近一项针对美国普通人群的随机电话调查显示，估计患病率为0.3%-0.7%。这种疾病在全球范围内都有发生，但主要集中在计算机接入和技术普及的国家。临床样本及大多数相关调查显示男性居多。据报道，发病年龄多在20多岁后期或30岁出头，从最初使用计算机到出现问题使用往往有十年或更长时间的间隔。网络成瘾与维度测量的抑郁及社会隔离指标有关。精神疾病共病很常见，尤其是情绪、焦虑、冲动控制及物质使用障碍。病因不明，但可能涉及心理、神经生物学和文化因素。目前尚无基于证据的网络成瘾治疗方法。认知行为疗法可能会有帮助。精神药物治疗尚无已证实的作用。婚姻和家庭治疗在某些特定情况下可能会有帮助，也有在线自助书籍和磁带。最后，在某些情况下可能需要自行强制禁止使用计算机和网络接入。
