Pechova Hana, Foltan Pavel
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Behav Processes. 2008 Jul;78(3):416-20. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.02.011. Epub 2008 Feb 23.
Infective stages of commercially used molluscicidal rhabditide nematodes Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita contain bacterial symbionts which kill their host by septicaemia. The nematodes feed on the multiplying bacteria and entire host tissue, develop and repeatedly reproduce. Invertebrate cadavers are rapidly (from minutes to hours) removed by scavengers. However nematodes need days to complete their life cycle inside the host. The post mortem locations of slugs killed by six different treatments (three types of molluscicides, a simulation of unsuccessful predation and two P. hermaphrodita nematode treatments) were compared. In comparison to other pathogenic states, significantly more slugs killed by the nematodes died within the soil, where the scavenging pressure is weaker than on the soil surface (where most of the slugs died regardless treatment). We suggest that this is an outcome of behavioural manipulation, which prevent the parasites from being predated or scavenged together with their host until the nematodes complete development inside the host cadaver.
商业上使用的杀软体动物小杆线虫雌雄同体杆线虫的感染阶段含有细菌共生体，这些共生体通过败血症杀死宿主。线虫以繁殖的细菌和整个宿主组织为食，发育并反复繁殖。无脊椎动物尸体很快（从几分钟到几小时）就会被食腐动物清除。然而，线虫需要数天时间才能在宿主体内完成其生命周期。比较了六种不同处理方式（三种杀软体动物剂、模拟捕食失败以及两种雌雄同体杆线虫处理）杀死的蛞蝓的死后位置。与其他致病状态相比，被线虫杀死的蛞蝓在土壤中死亡的数量显著更多，土壤中的食腐压力比土壤表面弱（无论处理方式如何，大多数蛞蝓都在土壤表面死亡）。我们认为这是行为操纵的结果，这种行为操纵可防止寄生虫在宿主体内完成发育之前与宿主一起被捕食或被食腐。
