Schlünssen Vivi, Jacobsen Gitte, Erlandsen Mogens, Mikkelsen Anders B, Schaumburg Inger, Sigsgaard Torben
Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2008 Jun;52(4):227-38. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/men012. Epub 2008 Apr 11.
This paper investigates determinants of wood dust exposure and trends in dust level in the furniture industry of Viborg County, Denmark, using data from two cross-sectional studies 6 years apart.
During the winter 1997/1998, 54 factories were visited (hereafter study 1). In the winter 2003/2004, 27 factories were revisited, and personal dust measurements were repeated. In addition, 14 new factories were included (hereafter study 2). A total of 2303 woodworkers participated in study 1, and 2358 measurements from 1702 workers were available. From study 2, 1581 woodworkers participated and 1355 measurements from 1044 workers were available. Information on occupational variables describing potential determinants of exposures like work task, exhaust ventilation, enclosure and cleaning procedures were collected. A total of 2627 measurements and 1907 persons were included in the final mixed model in order to explore determinants of exposure and trends in dust level.
The overall inhalable wood dust concentration (geometric means (geometric standard deviation)) has decreased from 0.95 mg/m(3) (2.05) in study 1 to 0.60 mg/m(3) (1.63) in study 2, representing a 7% annual decrease in dust concentration, which was confirmed in the mixed model. From study 1 to study 2 there has been a change towards less manual work and more efficient cleaning methods, but on the contrary also more inadequate exhaust ventilation systems. The following determinants were found to 'increase' dust concentration: sanding; use of compressed air; use of full-automatic machines; manual work; cleaning of work pieces with compressed air; kitchen producing factories and small factories (<20 employees). The following determinants of exposure were found to 'decrease' dust concentration: manual assembling/packing; sanding with adequate exhaust ventilation; adequate exhaust ventilation; vacuum cleaning of machines and special cleaning staff.
Despite a substantial drop in the dust concentration during the last 6 years in the furniture industry in Viborg County, further improvements are possible. There should be more focus on improved exhaust ventilation, professional cleaning methods and avoiding use of compressed air.
本文利用相隔6年的两项横断面研究数据，调查丹麦维堡县家具行业木尘暴露的决定因素及粉尘水平趋势。
1997/1998年冬季，走访了54家工厂（以下简称研究1）。2003/2004年冬季，对27家工厂进行了回访，并重复进行了个人粉尘测量。此外，纳入了14家新工厂（以下简称研究2）。研究1共有2303名木工参与，获得了来自1702名工人的2358次测量数据。研究2有1581名木工参与，获得了来自1044名工人的1355次测量数据。收集了有关职业变量的信息，这些变量描述了诸如工作任务、排气通风、封闭和清洁程序等暴露潜在决定因素。共有2627次测量数据和1907人纳入最终混合模型，以探究暴露的决定因素和粉尘水平趋势。
总体可吸入木尘浓度（几何均值（几何标准差））从研究1中的0.95毫克/立方米（2.05）降至研究2中的0.60毫克/立方米（1.63），表明粉尘浓度每年下降7%，这在混合模型中得到了证实。从研究1到研究2，工作方式已转向较少的体力劳动和更高效的清洁方法，但相反，排气通风系统不足的情况也更多。发现以下因素会“增加”粉尘浓度：打磨；使用压缩空气；使用全自动机器；体力劳动；用压缩空气清洁工件；厨房生产工厂和小工厂（<20名员工）。发现以下暴露决定因素会“降低”粉尘浓度：手工组装/包装；有足够排气通风的打磨；足够的排气通风；机器的真空清洁和专门的清洁人员。
尽管维堡县家具行业在过去6年中粉尘浓度大幅下降，但仍有可能进一步改善。应更加注重改善排气通风、采用专业清洁方法并避免使用压缩空气。
