Cicenas J
Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel - Switzerland.
Int J Biol Markers. 2008 Jan-Mar;23(1):1-9. doi: 10.1177/172460080802300101.
Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase which is implicated in mediating a variety of biological responses including cell growth, proliferation and survival. Akt is activated by phosphorylation on two critical residues, namely threonine 308 (Thr308) and serine 473 (Ser473). Several studies have found Akt2 to be amplified or overexpressed at the mRNA level in various tumor cell lines and in a number of human malignancies such as colon, pancreatic and breast cancers. Nevertheless, activation of Akt isoforms by phosphorylation appears to be more clinically significant than Akt2 amplification or overexpression. Many studies in the past 4-5 years have revealed a prognostic and/or predictive role of Akt phosphorylation in breast, prostate and non-small cell lung cancer. Several publications suggest a role of phosphorylated Akt also in endometrial, pancreatic, gastric, tongue and renal cancer. However, different types of assays were used in these studies. Before assessment of P-Akt can be incorporated into routine clinical practice, all aspects of the assay methodology will have to be standardized.
Akt/蛋白激酶B（PKB）是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶，参与介导多种生物学反应，包括细胞生长、增殖和存活。Akt通过在两个关键残基（即苏氨酸308（Thr308）和丝氨酸473（Ser473））上的磷酸化而被激活。多项研究发现，Akt2在各种肿瘤细胞系以及许多人类恶性肿瘤（如结肠癌、胰腺癌和乳腺癌）中，在mRNA水平上存在扩增或过表达。然而，通过磷酸化激活Akt亚型在临床上似乎比Akt2扩增或过表达更具意义。在过去4至5年中，许多研究揭示了Akt磷酸化在乳腺癌、前列腺癌和非小细胞肺癌中的预后和/或预测作用。一些出版物表明，磷酸化Akt在子宫内膜癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、舌癌和肾癌中也发挥作用。然而，这些研究中使用了不同类型的检测方法。在将P-Akt评估纳入常规临床实践之前，检测方法的所有方面都必须标准化。
