Tomei G, Cangemi C, Giubilati R, Fioravanti M
Dipartimento di Scienze Psichiatriche e Medicina Psicologica, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007 Oct-Dec;29(4):903-21.
Lifestyle's alterations are hazardous for health. On one hand they produce a high rate of mortality and disease, on the other hand they cause a reduction of work outcomes and an increase of occupational accidents with important consequences for both worker's health and his/her financial status. The aim of this study is to review the scientific literature for possible relationships between mental health and lifestyle alterations of young workers. We considered as lifestyle factors the attitudes towards: smoking, alcohol consumption, eating, use of medications and doping substances, physical activity and sleeping. From our study it clearly emerges the existence of correlation between lifestyle habits and mental health; in fact behavioural alterations can produce problems of mental health and vice versa. Furthermore, some work peculiarities can lead to psychic disturbances and/or to unhealthy habits which can themselves cause negative effects on working activity. It is very important for young workers to understand that unhealthy behaviours, which can be corrected, are hazardous in terms of health and safety for both the single worker and the collectivity and that those behaviours can enhances the other working risks. Because there is a close interaction between mental health and lifestyles, it would be necessary a careful promotion of mental health on workplaces and to take all the preventive measures, with particular regard for those related to the work organization, in order to reduce the onset, exacerbation and unmasking of mental disorders and psychological difficulties. In working environment, the occupational health physician and his relationship with the patient are of fundamental importance. During preventive and periodic medical examinations, the occupational health physician should take detailed information on young worker's habits regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, eating, physical activity, sleeping, pharmacological abuse and possible presence of mental disorders and furthermore he/she should actively take part in the information and education process of the worker.
生活方式的改变对健康有害。一方面，它们导致高死亡率和高发病率，另一方面，它们会降低工作成果，并增加职业事故，对工人的健康及其经济状况都会产生重大影响。本研究的目的是回顾科学文献，以探讨青年工人心理健康与生活方式改变之间可能存在的关系。我们将对吸烟、饮酒、饮食、药物和兴奋剂使用、体育活动及睡眠的态度视为生活方式因素。从我们的研究中可以清楚地看出，生活方式习惯与心理健康之间存在关联；事实上，行为改变会引发心理健康问题，反之亦然。此外，一些工作特性可能导致精神障碍和/或不健康习惯，而这些习惯本身又会对工作活动产生负面影响。对于青年工人来说，非常重要的是要明白，那些可以纠正的不健康行为，无论是对个体工人还是集体而言，在健康和安全方面都是有害的，而且这些行为会增加其他工作风险。由于心理健康与生活方式之间存在密切的相互作用，有必要在工作场所认真推广心理健康，并采取所有预防措施，尤其要关注与工作组织相关的措施，以减少精神障碍和心理问题的发生、加剧及暴露。在工作环境中，职业健康医生及其与患者的关系至关重要。在预防性和定期体检期间，职业健康医生应详细了解青年工人在吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体育活动、睡眠、药物滥用以及可能存在的精神障碍方面的习惯，此外，他/她还应积极参与工人的信息和教育过程。
