Soleo L, Manghisi M S, Panuzzo L, Meliddo G, Lasorsa G, Pesola G, Drago I, Lovreglio P, Urbano M L, Basso A, Ferrara F, Serra R, Gardi S, Savarese M A, Livrea P
Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro E.C. Vigliani, Università di Bari, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2008 Jul-Sep;30(3):283-90.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) are sleep disorders which can increase cardiovascular risk. An health survey was performed on the cement workers to estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders and to investigate occupational, personal and health risk factors that could influence it. A total of 761 male workers, employed at 10 different cement plants of South Italy and Sicily, were examined. All subjects gave informed consent to take part in the survey. The following questionnaires were administered: Berlin Questionnaire to estimate the high risk of OSAS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale for EDS, a questionnaire posing questions about working conditions, personal characteristic, lifestyle, past history of disease and present illness. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package SPSS. The prevalence of high risk of OSAS and of EDS resulted respectively in 24.2% and 3.4% of workers. Sleep disorders detected with the two questionnaires were significantly associated. A positive and significant association between OSAS and respectively age, time of employment, BMI, ex-smoker status, neck, waist or hip circumferences, chronic fatigue and arterial hypertension was observed. Subjective variables regarding working conditions (job interest, evaluation oforganization of work and job satisfaction) and alcohol consumption were not associated with the high risk of OSAS. Shift work (2 and 3 shifts) was not associated with the high risk of OSAS. An healthy worker effect was observed for workers who changed from shift work (2 or 3 shifts) to fixed daytime work. For them, this change to fixed daytime work was conditioned by chronic disease like hypertension and obesity. EDS was not dependent, associated or correlated with any of the occupational, personal or pathologic variables investigated in the study. In conclusion the research showed no relationship between working conditions, particularly shift work, and the high risk of OSAS, and the influence of obesity in determining the high risk of OSAS, itself a potential cardiovascular risk factor. The interest of occupational physician has been focused on introducing in health surveillance also measures of health promotion regarding sleep disorders with the aim of preserving health condition in workers.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）和日间过度嗜睡（EDS）是可增加心血管风险的睡眠障碍。对水泥工人进行了一项健康调查，以估计睡眠障碍的患病率，并调查可能影响其的职业、个人和健康风险因素。对意大利南部和西西里岛10家不同水泥厂的761名男性工人进行了检查。所有受试者均知情同意参与调查。发放了以下问卷：用于评估OSAS高风险的柏林问卷、用于评估EDS的爱泼华嗜睡量表、一份关于工作条件、个人特征、生活方式、既往病史和现患疾病的问卷。使用统计软件包SPSS进行统计分析。OSAS高风险和EDS的患病率分别为24.2%和3.4%的工人。通过两份问卷检测出的睡眠障碍显著相关。观察到OSAS与年龄、工作时间、体重指数、既往吸烟状况、颈围、腰围或臀围、慢性疲劳和动脉高血压之间存在正相关且显著相关。关于工作条件（工作兴趣、工作组织评估和工作满意度）和饮酒的主观变量与OSAS高风险无关。轮班工作（两班和三班）与OSAS高风险无关。对于从轮班工作（两班或三班）改为固定日班工作的工人，观察到了健康工人效应。对他们来说，改为固定日班工作是由高血压和肥胖等慢性病决定的。EDS与研究中调查的任何职业、个人或病理变量均无依赖、关联或相关性。总之，研究表明工作条件，特别是轮班工作，与OSAS高风险之间没有关系，肥胖在确定OSAS高风险方面的影响，而OSAS本身是一个潜在的心血管风险因素。职业医生的关注点一直集中在将有关睡眠障碍的健康促进措施也纳入健康监测中，目的是维护工人的健康状况。
