Kałucka Sylwia
First Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz.
Przegl Lek. 2007;64(10):632-41.
Passive smoking means cigarette smoke inhaling by people other than smokers. Passive smoker inhales tobacco smoke coming not only from side-stream, but also smoke exhaled by the smoker. Long-term tobacco smoke inhaling increases the risk of appearance of smoke related diseases (for example COPD, heart diseases), including the most dangerous types of cancer, which only few smokers realize. The aim of this study was to check whether tobacco smoke inhaling in home environment from childhood to adulthood has an influence on respiratory system of adults. The study included adults. In the study two types of participants division were used. Among 1481 persons two groups were separated. Group 1 contains people, who have never lived in home environment with active smokers, altogether 465 persons. Group 2 contains people who from birth have been exposed to cigarette smoke inhaling (altogether 1016 persons). With help of the author's questionnaire the information concerning demographic features and smoking habit were gathered. The patients underwent doctor's examination. They had a spirometric test and a chest radiogram. Statistically significant differences appear among persons with higher education who belong to two different groups. The number of children who have lived in smoke free rooms during childhood and adolescence and finished studies is bigger than the number of active smokers' children (p<0.001). Over 90% of never smokers have inhaled cigarette smoke since childhood in home environment. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been diagnosed at 47.5% of active smokers, 48.3% of ex-smokers and up to 44.7% of passive smokers. Cigarette smoking and smoke inhaling for more than twenty years has a significant influence on the appearance of COPD. No statistically significant differences were noted among the three groups of participants. (p>0.05). Cigarette smoke inhaling at childhood and adolescence should be taken seriously because it causes development of chronic diseases like COPD. GOLD 2006 standards convince that at every stage of COPD development the effects of this disease may be partly reversed if one stops smoking cigarettes. That is why a child should not be exposed to cigarette smoke at any stage of its life. Permanent inhalation of tobacco smoke since early childhood in home environment influences equal occurrence of COPD at passive, ex- and active smokers. Reduction of tobacco consumption, better care concerning passive smokers, increasing consciousness of parents smoking in home environment may protect their children from serious health consequences in the future.
被动吸烟是指非吸烟者吸入香烟烟雾。被动吸烟者吸入的烟草烟雾不仅来自侧流烟雾，还包括吸烟者呼出的烟雾。长期吸入烟草烟雾会增加患与吸烟相关疾病（如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心脏病）的风险，包括最危险的癌症类型，而只有少数吸烟者意识到这一点。本研究的目的是检查从童年到成年在家中环境吸入烟草烟雾是否会对成年人的呼吸系统产生影响。该研究纳入了成年人。在研究中使用了两种参与者分组方式。在1481人中，分成了两组。第1组包含从未在有主动吸烟者的家庭环境中生活过的人，共465人。第2组包含从出生就接触吸入香烟烟雾的人（共1016人）。借助作者的问卷收集了有关人口统计学特征和吸烟习惯的信息。患者接受了医生检查。他们进行了肺活量测定和胸部X光检查。在属于两个不同组的受过高等教育的人群中出现了统计学上的显著差异。在童年和青少年时期生活在无烟房间且完成学业的孩子数量比主动吸烟者的孩子数量多（p<0.001）。超过90%的从不吸烟者自童年起就在家庭环境中吸入过香烟烟雾。慢性阻塞性肺疾病在47.5%的主动吸烟者、48.3%的曾经吸烟者以及高达44.7%的被动吸烟者中被诊断出来。吸烟和吸入烟雾超过二十年对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发生有显著影响。在三组参与者之间未发现统计学上的显著差异（p>0.05）。童年和青少年时期吸入香烟烟雾应引起重视，因为它会导致慢性疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发展。《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议》2006年标准表明，在慢性阻塞性肺疾病发展的每个阶段，如果戒烟，该疾病的影响可能会部分逆转。这就是为什么孩子在其生命的任何阶段都不应接触香烟烟雾。自幼儿期起在家庭环境中持续吸入烟草烟雾会使被动吸烟者、曾经吸烟者和主动吸烟者患慢性阻塞性肺疾病的几率相同。减少烟草消费、更好地关注被动吸烟者、提高父母在家庭环境中吸烟的意识，可能会保护他们的孩子在未来免受严重的健康后果。
