Tanaka Daisuke H, Yamauchi Kenta, Murakami Fujio
Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Brain Nerve. 2008 Apr;60(4):405-13.
During development, neurons migrate from their birthplace to their appropriate positions and extend their axons toward their proper targets. These events are crucial for the establishment of CNS cytoarchitectures and neural cuircuits essential for brain functions. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have led to the notion that neurons and axons appear to be guided by similar guidance mechanisms and molecules. They appear to be guided by at least four distinct mechanisms: contact attraction, chemoattraction, contact repulsion, and chemorepulsion. These mechanisms are mediated by evolutionarily conserved ligand-receptor system. Extracellualr guidance cues, including Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins and Ephrins, act as ligands, while membrane proteins which are expressed in migrating neurons or axons serve as receptors. A certain guidance cue can bind to several distinct receptors and vice versa, leading to elicit diverse responses in migrating neurons or axons with a relatively small number of guidance cues.
在发育过程中，神经元从其诞生地迁移到合适的位置，并将其轴突伸向适当的靶点。这些事件对于建立中枢神经系统的细胞结构和对脑功能至关重要的神经回路至关重要。最近的遗传学和生物化学研究提出了这样一种观点，即神经元和轴突似乎受相似的引导机制和分子所引导。它们似乎至少受四种不同机制的引导：接触吸引、化学吸引、接触排斥和化学排斥。这些机制由进化上保守的配体-受体系统介导。细胞外引导信号，包括Netrins、Slits、Semaphorins和Ephrins，作为配体起作用，而在迁移的神经元或轴突中表达的膜蛋白则作为受体。某种引导信号可以与几种不同的受体结合，反之亦然，从而导致在数量相对较少的引导信号作用下，迁移的神经元或轴突产生多样的反应。
