Goodman C S
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:341-77. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.002013.
Neuronal growth cones traverse long distances along appropriate pathways to find their correct targets. This review presents an overview of the mechanisms and molecules that control these events. Secreted and cell surface ligands in the growth cone's environment bind to receptors on the growth cone's surface, trigger second-messenger signals, and lead to appropriate steering decisions. Growth cones appear to be guided by at least four different mechanisms: contact-mediated attraction, chemoattraction, contact-mediated repulsion, and chemorepulsion. These mechanisms are mediated by many different families of guidance molecules, including neural cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily, netrins, and semaphorins, all of which appear to be highly conserved from worms and fruitflies to mice and humans. We are just beginning to gain insights into the functions of these and other molecules in the developing organism by the use of genetic analysis.
神经元生长锥沿着合适的路径穿越长距离以找到其正确的靶标。本综述概述了控制这些事件的机制和分子。生长锥环境中的分泌型和细胞表面配体与生长锥表面的受体结合，触发第二信使信号，并导致做出合适的转向决定。生长锥似乎由至少四种不同的机制引导：接触介导的吸引、化学吸引、接触介导的排斥和化学排斥。这些机制由许多不同的导向分子家族介导，包括免疫球蛋白超家族的神经细胞黏附分子、网蛋白和信号素，所有这些分子从线虫、果蝇到小鼠和人类似乎都高度保守。我们刚刚开始通过基因分析来深入了解这些分子以及其他分子在发育中的生物体中的功能。
