坦桑尼亚农村四个村庄的蚊子数量、蚊帐覆盖率及其他与子孢子感染率变化相关的因素。
Mosquito abundance, bed net coverage and other factors associated with variations in sporozoite infectivity rates in four villages of rural Tanzania.
作者信息
Kweka Eliningaya J, Nkya Watoky M M, Mahande Aneth M, Assenga Charles, Mosha Franklin W, Lyatuu Ester E, Massenga Charles P, Nyale Edwin M, Mwakalinga Stephen B, Lowassa Asanterabi
机构信息
Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Division of Livestock and Human Disease Vector Control, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania.
出版信息
Malar J. 2008 Apr 18;7:59. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-59.
BACKGROUND
Entomological surveys are of great importance in decision-making processes regarding malaria control strategies because they help to identify associations between vector abundance both species-specific ecology and disease intervention factors associated with malaria transmission. Sporozoite infectivity rates, mosquito host blood meal source, bed net coverage and mosquito abundance were assessed in this study.
METHODOLOGY
A longitudinal survey was conducted in four villages in two regions of Tanzania. Malaria vectors were sampled using the CDC light trap and pyrethrum spray catch methods. In each village, ten paired houses were selected for mosquitoes sampling. Sampling was done in fortnight case and study was undertaken for six months in both Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania) and Dodoma (Central Tanzania) regions.
RESULTS
A total of 6,883 mosquitoes were collected including: 5,628 (81.8%) Anopheles arabiensis, 1,100 (15.9%) Culex quinquefasciatus, 89 (1.4%) Anopheles funestus, and 66 (0.9%) Anopheles gambiae s.s. Of the total mosquitoes collected 3,861 were captured by CDC light trap and 3,022 by the pyrethrum spray catch method. The overall light trap: spray catch ratio was 1.3:1. Mosquito densities per room were 96.5 and 75.5 for light trap and pyrethrum spray catch respectively. Mosquito infectivity rates between villages that have high proportion of bed net owners and those without bed nets was significant (P < 0.001) and there was a significant difference in sporozoite rates between households with and without bed nets in these four villages (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Malaria remains a major problem in the study areas characterized as low transmission sites. Further studies are required to establish the annual entomological inoculation rates and to observe the annual parasitaemia dynamics in these communities. Outdoor mosquitoes collection should also be considered.
背景
昆虫学调查在疟疾控制策略的决策过程中至关重要，因为它们有助于确定病媒数量、特定物种生态以及与疟疾传播相关的疾病干预因素之间的关联。本研究评估了子孢子感染率、蚊虫宿主血餐来源、蚊帐覆盖率和蚊虫数量。
方法
在坦桑尼亚两个地区的四个村庄进行了一项纵向调查。使用疾控中心诱蚊灯和除虫菊酯喷雾捕捉法对疟疾媒介进行采样。在每个村庄，选择十对房屋进行蚊虫采样。采样每两周进行一次，在乞力马扎罗（坦桑尼亚北部）和多多马（坦桑尼亚中部）地区均进行了为期六个月的研究。
结果
共收集到6883只蚊子，其中包括：5628只（81.8%）阿拉伯按蚊、1100只（15.9%）致倦库蚊、89只（1.4%）嗜人按蚊和66只（0.9%）冈比亚按蚊指名亚种。在收集到的蚊子总数中，3861只通过疾控中心诱蚊灯捕获，3022只通过除虫菊酯喷雾捕捉法捕获。诱蚊灯与喷雾捕捉的总体比例为1.3:1。诱蚊灯和除虫菊酯喷雾捕捉法的每间房蚊虫密度分别为96.5只和75.5只。有高比例蚊帐使用者的村庄和没有蚊帐的村庄之间的蚊虫感染率存在显著差异（P<0.001），并且在这四个村庄中，有蚊帐和没有蚊帐的家庭之间的子孢子率存在显著差异（P<0.001）。
结论
在被确定为低传播地点的研究区域，疟疾仍然是一个主要问题。需要进一步研究以确定年度昆虫学接种率，并观察这些社区的年度寄生虫血症动态。还应考虑收集室外蚊子。
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