Protein S-nitrosation in signal transduction: assays for specific qualitative and quantitative analysis.

S-Nitrosation is a type of protein posttranslational modification that has now been found comparable with phosphorylation and acetylation in terms of its contribution to the intracellular signaling networks associated with pathological cell reactions such as host-pathogen interactions, low oxygen availability, cell cycle arrest, and programmed cell death. Therefore, elegant approaches are required to analyze endogenous S-nitrosation of intracellular proteins employed in the regulation of intracellular signal transduction. This chapter describes and discusses recently developed methods that allow both qualitative and quantitative analyses of S-nitrosation of intracellular proteins based on Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.