厌食症和贪食症患者在治疗过程中的味觉和嗅觉敏感性。

Gustatory and olfactory sensitivity in patients with anorexia and bulimia in the course of treatment.

作者信息

Aschenbrenner Katja, Scholze Ninette, Joraschky Peter, Hummel Thomas

机构信息

Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.

出版信息

J Psychiatr Res. 2008 Dec;43(2):129-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.003.

DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.003

PMID:18423668

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The majority of studies on taste and smell in eating disorders have revealed several alterations of olfactory or gustatory functions. Aim of this prospective study was to employ detailed olfactory and gustatory testing in female subjects of three homogenous groups - anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and healthy controls - and to look at the effects of treatment on these measures.

METHODS

Sixteen hospitalized female patients with anorexia (restricting type, mean age [M]=24.5 years), 24 female patients with bulimia (purging type, M=24.3 years) as well as 23 healthy controls (M=24.5 years) received olfactory ("Sniffin' Sticks") and gustatory testing ("Taste Strips"). Group differences in olfactory and gustatory sensitivity, body mass index (BMI), the Beck depression inventory, the eating attitudes test (EAT), and the influence of therapy on gustatory and olfactory function were investigated.

RESULTS

(1) Group differences were present for odor discrimination and overall olfactory function with anorexic patients having the lowest scores. (2) Regarding taste function, controls scored higher than patients with anorexia. (3) At admission small but significant correlations were found between overall olfactory function and body weight (r(63)=0.35), BMI (r(63) = 0.37), and EAT score (r(63) = -0.27). Similarly, (4) the taste test score correlated significantly with body weight (r(63)= 0.48), and BMI (r(63) = 0.45). Finally, (5) at discharge overall olfactory and gustatory function were significantly higher compared to admission in anorexic patients.

CONCLUSIONS

As compared to healthy controls and bulimic patients our results show lowered olfactory and gustatory sensitivities in anorexic patients that improved with increasing BMI and decreasing eating pathology in the course of treatment.

摘要

背景

大多数关于饮食失调中味觉和嗅觉的研究都揭示了嗅觉或味觉功能的多种改变。这项前瞻性研究的目的是对三组同质女性受试者——神经性厌食症患者、神经性贪食症患者和健康对照组——进行详细的嗅觉和味觉测试，并观察治疗对这些指标的影响。

方法

16名住院的神经性厌食症女性患者（限制型，平均年龄[M]=24.5岁）、24名神经性贪食症女性患者（清除型，M=24.3岁）以及23名健康对照组（M=24.5岁）接受了嗅觉测试（“嗅棒测试”）和味觉测试（“味觉试纸测试”）。研究了嗅觉和味觉敏感性、体重指数（BMI）、贝克抑郁量表、饮食态度测试（EAT）的组间差异，以及治疗对味觉和嗅觉功能的影响。

结果

（1）在气味辨别和整体嗅觉功能方面存在组间差异，厌食症患者得分最低。（2）关于味觉功能，对照组得分高于厌食症患者。（3）入院时，整体嗅觉功能与体重（r(63)=0.35）、BMI（r(63)=0.37）和EAT得分（r(63)=-0.27）之间存在小但显著的相关性。同样，（4）味觉测试得分与体重（r(63)=0.48）和BMI（r(63)=0.45）显著相关。最后，（5）出院时，厌食症患者的整体嗅觉和味觉功能相比入院时显著提高。