Dwyer Dominic M, Quirk Rachel H
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2008 Apr;34(2):294-302. doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.34.2.294.
In three experiments, rats were exposed to a flavor preference procedure in which flavor A was paired with the reinforcer and flavor B presented alone in Context 1, while in Context 2 flavor A was presented alone and flavor B with the reinforcer. With fructose as the reinforcer both two- and one-bottle training procedures produced a context-dependent preference (Experiments 1 and 2). With maltodextrin as the reinforcer two-bottle training produced a context-dependent preference (Experiment 1). Following one-bottle training with maltodextrin reinforcement rats demonstrated a context-dependent preference when the conditioned stimulus (CS)- was presented with a dilute solution of the reinforcer during training (Experiment 3B) but not when the CS- was presented alone (Experiments 2 and 3A). The pattern of results with maltodextrin reinforcement suggests that there was competition between the cue flavors and the taste of the maltodextrin as predictors of the postingestive consequences of the maltodextrin reinforcer. The fact that rats were able to display context-dependent flavor preferences is consistent with the idea that learned flavor preferences rely on the sort of cue-consequence associations that underpin other forms of conditioning which produce accurate performance on biconditional tasks. The differences between fructose- and maltodextrin-based preferences are discussed in terms of configural and elemental learning processes.
在三项实验中，大鼠接受了一种口味偏好程序，即口味A与强化物配对，口味B在情境1中单独呈现，而在情境2中口味A单独呈现，口味B与强化物配对。以果糖作为强化物，两瓶装和单瓶装训练程序均产生了情境依赖性偏好（实验1和2）。以麦芽糊精作为强化物，两瓶装训练产生了情境依赖性偏好（实验1）。在以麦芽糊精强化进行单瓶装训练后，当条件刺激（CS）在训练期间与强化物的稀释溶液一起呈现时，大鼠表现出情境依赖性偏好（实验3B），但当CS单独呈现时则没有（实验2和3A）。麦芽糊精强化的结果模式表明，作为麦芽糊精强化物摄入后结果的预测指标，线索口味与麦芽糊精的味道之间存在竞争。大鼠能够表现出情境依赖性口味偏好这一事实与以下观点一致，即习得的口味偏好依赖于那种支持其他形式条件作用的线索 - 结果关联，这些条件作用在双条件任务中产生准确的表现。基于果糖和麦芽糊精的偏好之间的差异从构型和元素学习过程的角度进行了讨论。
