Han M H Esther, Craig Shoshana B, Rutner Daniella, Kapoor Neera, Ciuffreda Kenneth J, Suchoff Irwin B
State University of New York State College of Optometry, New York, New York 10036, USA.
Optometry. 2008 May;79(5):252-8. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2008.01.001.
The purposes of this study were to retrospectively evaluate the frequency of medications used by individuals with either traumatic brain injury (TBI) or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and to consider the possible relationship between vision symptoms and diagnoses in this sample and the established visual and ocular side effects of the prescribed medications.
Charts of patients examined in the Raymond J. Greenwald Rehabilitation Center at the SUNY State College of Optometry from the years 2000 to 2003 were reviewed. Only TBI (n=160) or CVA (n=60) patients were included. Prescribed medications from 12 possible categories were identified. Patients experiencing blurred vision, diplopia, asthenopia, poor depth perception, and/or light sensitivity were identified. Patients with accommodative dysfunction, vergence dysfunction, versional dysfunction, dry eyes, and/or ptosis were also identified.
The 4 most common medication categories taken by TBI patients were anti-anxiety/antidepressants (42.5%), anticonvulsants (26.9%), opiate/combination analgesics (23.8%), and cardiac/antihypertensives (23.1%). For the CVA patients, the medications were cardiac/antihypertensives (66.7%), anti-anxiety/antidepressants (31.7%), vitamins/mineral supplements (26.7%), and anticonvulsants (23.3%). Frequency of vision symptoms and diagnoses in the TBI and CVA patients appeared not to be related to medication use in most cases.
Anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants were the overlapping medication categories between the TBI and CVA groups. Medication intake did not affect the frequency of the reported vision symptoms and diagnoses in most cases, suggesting the symptoms and diagnoses were primarily related to either the TBI or CVA itself.
本研究的目的是回顾性评估创伤性脑损伤（TBI）或脑血管意外（CVA）患者使用药物的频率，并探讨该样本中视力症状与诊断之间的可能关系，以及所开药物已确定的视觉和眼部副作用。
回顾了2000年至2003年在纽约州立大学视光学院雷蒙德·J·格林瓦尔德康复中心接受检查的患者病历。仅纳入TBI患者（n = 160）或CVA患者（n = 60）。确定了12种可能类别的处方药。识别出有视力模糊、复视、眼疲劳、深度感知差和/或畏光症状的患者。还识别出有调节功能障碍、聚散功能障碍、同向运动功能障碍、干眼和/或上睑下垂的患者。
TBI患者服用的4种最常见药物类别是抗焦虑/抗抑郁药（42.5%）、抗惊厥药（26.9%）、阿片类/复方镇痛药（23.8%）和心脏/抗高血压药（23.1%）。对于CVA患者，药物类别为心脏/抗高血压药（66.7%）、抗焦虑/抗抑郁药（31.7%）、维生素/矿物质补充剂（26.7%）和抗惊厥药（23.3%）。在大多数情况下，TBI和CVA患者的视力症状和诊断频率似乎与药物使用无关。
抗焦虑药、抗抑郁药和抗惊厥药是TBI组和CVA组重叠的药物类别。在大多数情况下，药物摄入并未影响所报告的视力症状和诊断频率，这表明这些症状和诊断主要与TBI或CVA本身有关。
