Rodríguez Daniel A, Aytur Semra, Forsyth Ann, Oakes J Michael, Clifton Kelly J
Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, CB 3140, Room 319, NC 27599-3140, USA.
Prev Med. 2008 Sep;47(3):260-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.028. Epub 2008 Mar 10.
There is a paucity of research examining associations between walking and environmental attributes that are more modifiable in the short term, such as car parking availability, access to transit, neighborhood traffic, walkways and trails, and sidewalks.
Adults were recruited between April 2004 and September 2006 in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area and in Montgomery County, Maryland using similar research designs in the two locations. Self-reported and objective environmental measures were calculated for participants' neighborhoods. Self-reported physical activity was collected through the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-LF). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine adjusted associations between environmental measures and transport and overall walking.
Participants (n=887) averaged 47 years of age (SD=13.65) and reported 67 min/week (SD=121.21) of transport walking and 159 min/week (SD=187.85) of non-occupational walking. Perceived car parking difficulty was positively related to higher levels of transport walking (OR 1.41, 95%CI: 1.18, 1.69) and overall walking (OR 1.18, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.37). Self-reported ease of walking to a transit stop was negatively associated with transport walking (OR 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76, 0.97), but this relationship was moderated by perceived access to destinations. Walking to transit also was related to non-occupational walking (OR 0.85, 95%CI: 0.73, 0.99).
Parking difficulty and perceived ease of access to transit are modifiable neighborhood characteristics associated with self-reported walking.
关于步行与短期内更易于改变的环境属性之间关联的研究较少，这些环境属性包括停车位可用性、公共交通可达性、社区交通、人行道和步道以及小路。
2004年4月至2006年9月期间，在明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗都会区和马里兰州蒙哥马利县招募成年人，在这两个地点采用相似的研究设计。为参与者的社区计算自我报告的和客观的环境指标。通过国际体力活动问卷长表（IPAQ-LF）收集自我报告的体力活动情况。使用广义估计方程来检验环境指标与交通步行和总体步行之间的校正关联。
参与者（n = 887）平均年龄为47岁（标准差 = 13.65），报告每周交通步行时间为67分钟（标准差 = 121.21），非职业步行时间为159分钟（标准差 = 187.85）。感知到的停车困难与更高水平的交通步行（比值比1.41，95%置信区间：1.18，1.69）和总体步行（比值比1.18，95%置信区间：1.02，1.37）呈正相关。自我报告的步行至公交站点的便利性与交通步行呈负相关（比值比0.86，95%置信区间：0.76，0.97），但这种关系受感知到的目的地可达性影响。步行至公交站点也与非职业步行有关（比值比0.85，95%置信区间：0.73，0.99）。
停车困难和感知到的公交可达性是与自我报告的步行相关的可改变的社区特征。
