Stanganelli Luiz Cláudio Reeberg, Dourado Antonio Carlos, Oncken Percy, Mançan Sérgio, da Costa Silvano César
ME/SNEAR/CENESP, Sports Science Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
J Strength Cond Res. 2008 May;22(3):741-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a5c4c.
The under-19 Brazilian volleyball national team has achieved great performances at international competitions. Because the vertical jump capacity is critical for success in volleyball, the purpose of this study was to identify the training-induced adaptations on jump capacity assessed by general and specific tests during 3 different moments (i.e., T1, T2, and T3) of a macrocycle of preparation for the world championship. The sample was composed of 11 athletes from the Brazilian national team-World Champion (age, 18.0 +/- 0.5 years; height: 198.7 +/- 5.4 cm; and body mass, 87.3 +/- 5.9 kg). They were evaluated for jumping capacity by the following tests: squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and jump anaerobic resistance (15 seconds) (JAR) and standing reach, height, and vertical jump tests for attack and block. Descriptive statistics were computed, and a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used. The Tukey-Kramer post hoc test was used when appropriate. Significance was set at P < or = 0.05. The results showed that the training-induced adaptations on the SJ (3.9%) and CMJ (2.3%) were not statistically significant. The JAR showed statistical significance between T2 and T3 (9.6%), while the attack height and block height presented significant differences between T1 and T2 (2.5% and 3.3%, respectively) and T1 and T3 (3.0% and 3.5%, respectively). The volume of training was quantified between weeks 1 and 9 (10,750 minutes, 1,194 +/- 322 min x wk(-1)) and between weeks 10 and 18 (8,722 minutes, 969 +/- 329 min x wk(-1)). In conclusion, this study showed that there were progressive and significant training-induced adaptations, mainly on the tests that simulated the specific skills, such as spike and block, with the best results being reached after the first 9 weeks of training. This probably reflected not only the individual's capacity to adapt, but also the characteristics of the training loads prescribed during the entire macrocycle.
巴西19岁以下国家排球队在国际比赛中表现出色。由于垂直跳跃能力对排球比赛的成功至关重要，本研究的目的是确定在世界锦标赛备战大周期的3个不同阶段（即T1、T2和T3），通过一般和特定测试评估的训练对跳跃能力产生的适应性变化。样本由11名来自巴西国家队的世界冠军运动员组成（年龄18.0±0.5岁；身高198.7±5.4厘米；体重87.3±5.9千克）。通过以下测试评估他们的跳跃能力：深蹲跳（SJ）、反向移动跳（CMJ）、跳跃无氧耐力（15秒）（JAR）以及站立摸高、身高、进攻和拦网的垂直跳跃测试。计算描述性统计量，并使用重复测量方差分析。在适当情况下使用Tukey-Kramer事后检验。显著性水平设定为P≤0.05。结果表明，训练对SJ（3.9%）和CMJ（2.3%）产生的适应性变化无统计学意义。JAR在T2和T3之间显示出统计学意义（9.6%），而进攻高度和拦网高度在T1和T2之间（分别为2.5%和3.3%）以及T1和T3之间（分别为3.0%和3.5%）存在显著差异。第1周和第9周之间的训练量为10750分钟（1194±322分钟/周），第10周和第18周之间的训练量为8722分钟（969±329分钟/周）。总之，本研究表明训练产生了渐进且显著的适应性变化，主要体现在模拟特定技能（如扣球和拦网）的测试中，在训练的前9周后取得了最佳效果。这可能不仅反映了个体的适应能力，还反映了整个大周期规定的训练负荷特征。
