Yarali Ayse, Mayerle Moritz, Nawroth Christian, Gerber Bertram
Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, D 970 74 Würzburg, Germany.
Naturwissenschaften. 2008 Aug;95(8):767-74. doi: 10.1007/s00114-008-0380-1. Epub 2008 Apr 29.
How is behaviour organised across sensory modalities? Specifically, we ask concerning the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster how visual context affects olfactory learning and recall and whether information about visual context is getting integrated into olfactory memory. We find that changing visual context between training and test does not deteriorate olfactory memory scores, suggesting that these olfactory memories can drive behaviour despite a mismatch of visual context between training and test. Rather, both the establishment and the recall of olfactory memory are generally facilitated by light. In a follow-up experiment, we find no evidence for learning about combinations of odours and visual context as predictors for reinforcement even after explicit training in a so-called biconditional discrimination task. Thus, a 'true' interaction between visual and olfactory modalities is not evident; instead, light seems to influence olfactory learning and recall unspecifically, for example by altering motor activity, alertness or olfactory acuity.
行为是如何在不同感觉模态间组织起来的？具体而言，我们针对果蝇黑腹果蝇提出以下问题：视觉环境如何影响嗅觉学习和记忆回想，以及关于视觉环境的信息是否会被整合到嗅觉记忆中。我们发现，在训练和测试之间改变视觉环境并不会降低嗅觉记忆分数，这表明尽管训练和测试之间存在视觉环境不匹配的情况，这些嗅觉记忆仍能驱动行为。相反，嗅觉记忆的建立和回想通常都会受到光线的促进。在后续实验中，即使在所谓的双条件辨别任务中进行了明确训练，我们也没有发现关于气味和视觉环境组合作为强化预测指标的学习证据。因此，视觉和嗅觉模态之间“真正”的相互作用并不明显；相反，光线似乎会非特异性地影响嗅觉学习和记忆回想，例如通过改变运动活动、警觉性或嗅觉敏锐度。
