Ferenc Margitics, Zsuzsa Pauwlik
Nyiregyhazi Foiskola, Pszichologiai Tanszék, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary.
Psychiatr Hung. 2007;22(6):443-55.
The aim of our survey was to reveal the individual aspirations and personal strivings among college students which may play an important role as protective factors in the preservation of mental health, particularly regarding sub-clinical depressive syndromes. 712 college students were involved in the study (545 females and 167 males). The abridged version of Beck's Depression Inventory was used for measuring the severity of depression, while the Aspiration Questionnaire was used to assess the rate of individual aspirations.
When estimating the importance of individual aspirations, we found intrinsic aspirations to be predominant for both genders of college students, with a minor shift in individual parameters. While in the case of women, health, social relationships and personal advancement were listed in this order of importance; in the case of men, personal advancement was ranked first, followed by the categories of health and social relationships. Out of the symptoms of depression, social reservation showed the closest correlation with the importance of certain personal strivings, and, within these, with the lack of intrinsic aspirations. Certain symptoms of depression - irrespective of sex - were found to have a very close correlation with the probability of nearly every personal aspiration, as well as with their realisation, and, within these, they were in a stronger correlation with the intrinsic aspirations than with the extrinsic ones (in the case of men, stronger correlation between the probability of every aspiration for depressive syndromes and the realisation thereof were also found to be stronger than in the case of women). When examining the overall correlation between all the three categories of individual aspirations (importance, probability, realisation) in depression, we found that depression showed a close negative correlation with the probability of personal growth and social relationships and the realisation of health; while a positive correlation was detected with the importance attributed to intrinsic aspirations, which explained almost one-fourth of the variances of depression altogether. The depressive syndromes found to be typical of college students (worthlessness, fatigue, hesitation, hopelessness, dissatisfaction) showed a much closer correlation with the importance, probability and realisation of individual aspirations in the case of men than in the case of women. Out of the aforementioned symptoms of depression, individual aspirations had the closest correlation with hopelessness in both genders. While in the case of men, the importance of intrinsic aspirations and the current dissatisfaction with these may lead mainly to the development of hopelessness; for women, the development of the feeling of hopelessness is primarily correlated with an extrinsic aspiration, the importance of wealth and the current lack thereof. As for the rest of the depressive syndromes, the explanatory power of the correlation with individual aspirations was different for women and men.
我们调查的目的是揭示大学生中的个人抱负和个人奋斗，这些因素可能作为保护因素在维护心理健康方面发挥重要作用，特别是对于亚临床抑郁综合征而言。712名大学生参与了这项研究（545名女性和167名男性）。使用贝克抑郁量表的简化版来测量抑郁的严重程度，同时使用抱负问卷来评估个人抱负的程度。
在评估个人抱负的重要性时，我们发现内在抱负在男女大学生中都占主导地位，只是在个别参数上有微小变化。对于女性来说，健康、社会关系和个人进步按此重要性顺序排列；对于男性来说，个人进步排名第一，其次是健康和社会关系类别。在抑郁症状中，社交退缩与某些个人奋斗的重要性显示出最密切的相关性，并且在这些奋斗中，与缺乏内在抱负密切相关。某些抑郁症状——无论性别——被发现与几乎每一项个人抱负的可能性及其实现都有非常密切的相关性，并且在这些症状中，它们与内在抱负的相关性比与外在抱负的相关性更强（对于男性，抑郁综合征的每一项抱负的可能性及其实现之间的相关性也被发现比女性更强）。在研究抑郁中个人抱负的所有三个类别（重要性、可能性、实现）之间的总体相关性时，我们发现抑郁与个人成长和社会关系的可能性以及健康的实现呈密切的负相关；而与归因于内在抱负的重要性呈正相关，这总共解释了抑郁方差的近四分之一。在男性中，被发现是大学生典型的抑郁综合征（无价值感、疲劳、犹豫、绝望、不满）与个人抱负的重要性、可能性和实现的相关性比女性更密切。在上述抑郁症状中，个人抱负在男女中与绝望的相关性最密切。对于男性来说，内在抱负的重要性以及当前对这些抱负的不满可能主要导致绝望感的产生；对于女性来说，绝望感的产生主要与一种外在抱负、财富的重要性以及当前财富的缺乏相关。至于其他抑郁综合征，男女与个人抱负相关性的解释力有所不同。
