Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Kardiol Pol. 2010 Aug;68(8):912-8.
The negative psychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease, such as low social support or depression, may adversely affect the lifestyle.
To evaluate the lifestyle in terms of anti-health behaviours in patients with depressive symptoms (DS) compared to individuals without DS.
A total of 6392 men and 7153 women aged 20-74 years were evaluated in the WOBASZ study [a multicentre nationwide study of the Polish population's health]). The presence of DS was assessed with Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Depressive symptoms were considered to be present if the patient scored at least 10 points on the BDI scale.
The DS were present in 24% of men and 34% of women. In both groups, the mean age of subjects with DS was significantly higher compared to healthy individuals. Compared to healthy individuals, subjects with DS had a more unfavourable CV risk profile (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperlipidaemia were significantly more prevalent among the subjects with DS), were characterised by a lower socioeconomic status and inhabited small administrative districts. Subjects with DS were also characterised by more anti-health lifestyles than healthy individuals. Of the 6 elements of anti-healthy lifestyle, 3 or more were observed in 18.8% of men with DS and 14.6% of men without DS (p < 0.0001) and in 17.5% of women with DS and 11.3% of women without DS (p < 0.0001). Significantly more men and women with DS than men and women without DS were regular smokers (men [M]: 42.3% vs 37.4%, p < 0.0007; women [W]: 25.6% vs 23.3%, p < 0.0346), were not physically active (M: 37.4% vs 30.2%, p < 0.0001; W: 43.4% vs 34.9%, p < 0.0001), consumed alcohol at least three times a week (M: 3.8% vs 1.7%, p < 0.0097; W: 0.3% vs 0.1%, p = 0.0349), were incompliant with their doctor's recommendations (M: 17.9% vs 12.3%, p < 0.0001; W: 22.2% vs 13.9%, p < 0.0001) and failed to have their blood pressure measured within the past year (M: 19.4% vs 15.0%, p < 0.0003; W: 15.1% vs 11.4%, p < 0.0001). The lack of physical activity and smoking, and - in women - regular consumption of alcohol, were demonstrated to be the lifestyle factors which were significantly and independently related to DS.
A high prevalence of DS, especially among women, has been observed in the Polish population. The DS were found in every fourth man and every third woman. In both groups, subjects with DS were characterised by more anti-health lifestyle compared to healthy individuals. Of all the analysed factors of anti-health lifestyle the following were significantly and independently associated with DS - lack of physical activity and smoking in both sexes and, additionally, regular alcohol consumption in women.
心血管疾病的负面心理社会风险因素，如社会支持低或抑郁，可能会对生活方式产生不利影响。
评估患有抑郁症状（DS）的患者与无 DS 患者相比在反健康行为方面的生活方式。
在 WOBASZ 研究[一项波兰全国人口健康状况的多中心研究]中评估了 6392 名男性和 7153 名 20-74 岁的女性。使用贝克抑郁量表（BDI）评估 DS 的存在。如果患者在 BDI 量表上的得分至少为 10 分，则认为存在抑郁症状。
24%的男性和 34%的女性存在 DS。在这两组中，患有 DS 的受试者的平均年龄明显高于健康个体。与健康个体相比，患有 DS 的受试者具有更不利的心血管风险特征（高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和高脂血症在 DS 受试者中更为普遍），社会经济地位较低，居住在较小的行政区。与健康个体相比，患有 DS 的受试者的生活方式也更不健康。在 6 个反健康生活方式因素中，18.8%的男性 DS 患者和 14.6%的男性无 DS 患者（p<0.0001）以及 17.5%的女性 DS 患者和 11.3%的女性无 DS 患者（p<0.0001）存在 3 个或更多反健康生活方式因素。与无 DS 的男性和女性相比，患有 DS 的男性和女性中更有规律的吸烟者（男性[M]：42.3%比 37.4%，p<0.0007；女性[W]：25.6%比 23.3%，p<0.0346）、不进行身体活动（男性[M]：37.4%比 30.2%，p<0.0001；女性[W]：43.4%比 34.9%，p<0.0001）、至少每周饮酒三次（男性[M]：3.8%比 1.7%，p<0.0097；女性[W]：0.3%比 0.1%，p=0.0349）、不遵守医生的建议（男性[M]：17.9%比 12.3%，p<0.0001；女性[W]：22.2%比 13.9%，p<0.0001）以及过去一年没有测量血压（男性[M]：19.4%比 15.0%，p<0.0003；女性[W]：15.1%比 11.4%，p<0.0001）的比例更高。缺乏身体活动和吸烟，以及女性定期饮酒，被证明是与 DS 显著相关的生活方式因素。
在波兰人群中观察到 DS 的高患病率，尤其是在女性中。每 4 名男性和每 3 名女性中就有 1 名患有 DS。在这两组中，与健康个体相比，患有 DS 的受试者的生活方式更不健康。在所有分析的反健康生活方式因素中，缺乏身体活动和吸烟在两性中，以及女性定期饮酒与 DS 显著相关。
