Hornef Mathias W, Henriques-Normark Birgitta, Normark Staffan
Department of Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun;21(3):304-12. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f88ba3.
The present review summarizes exciting new findings and reports recent advances in the understanding of the role of toll-like receptors in health and disease. It intends to provide a rough survey on topics discussed by researchers in the field and to stimulate discussion on new aspects of the complex processes involved in innate host defence.
Novel findings have been reported on the many aspects of toll-like receptors biology, namely the receptor structure and the molecular process of ligand recognition, receptor assembly, cellular localization and trafficking, downstream signaling and the regulatory factors involved, genetic polymorphisms within receptor genes and their linkage to human diseases, and the functional role of toll-like receptors in immune defence and host-microbe homeostasis.
Recent advances have allowed a more detailed picture not only of the processes involved in microbial recognition and host defence but also revealed unexpected insights into the cause of inflammatory processes and the close interrelationship between the vertebrate host and the microbially colonized environment.
本综述总结了令人兴奋的新发现，并报告了在理解Toll样受体在健康与疾病中的作用方面的最新进展。旨在对该领域研究人员讨论的主题进行大致概述，并激发对先天宿主防御中复杂过程新方面的讨论。
已报道了Toll样受体生物学诸多方面的新发现，即受体结构、配体识别的分子过程、受体组装、细胞定位与转运、下游信号传导及相关调节因子、受体基因内的基因多态性及其与人类疾病的关联，以及Toll样受体在免疫防御和宿主-微生物稳态中的功能作用。
最近的进展不仅使我们对微生物识别和宿主防御所涉及的过程有了更详细的了解，还揭示了对炎症过程原因以及脊椎动物宿主与微生物定植环境之间密切相互关系的意外见解。
