Packer Dominic J
The Ohio State University, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2008 Feb;12(1):50-72. doi: 10.1177/1088868307309606. Epub 2007 Dec 17.
Although past research has demonstrated a positive relationship between collective identification and normative conformity, there may be circumstances in which strongly identified members do not conform but instead choose to challenge group norms. This article proposes a normative conflict model, which distinguishes between nonconformity due to dissent (challenging norms to change them) and nonconformity due to disengagement (distancing oneself from the group). The normative conflict model predicts that strongly identified members are likely to challenge group norms when they experience conflict between norms and important alternate standards for behavior, in particular when they perceive norms as being harmful to the group. Data in support of the model are reviewed, mechanisms by which external variables may influence dissent in social groups are elaborated, and the model is linked to contemporary perspectives on collective identity.
尽管过去的研究表明集体认同与规范从众之间存在积极关系，但在某些情况下，高度认同群体的成员可能不会从众，而是选择挑战群体规范。本文提出了一个规范冲突模型，该模型区分了因异议（挑战规范以改变它们）导致的不从众和因脱离（与群体保持距离）导致的不从众。规范冲突模型预测，当高度认同群体的成员在规范与重要的行为替代标准之间经历冲突时，尤其是当他们认为规范对群体有害时，他们很可能会挑战群体规范。文中回顾了支持该模型的数据，阐述了外部变量可能影响社会群体中异议的机制，并将该模型与当代集体认同观点联系起来。
