Woike Barbara A
Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2008 May;12(2):99-117. doi: 10.1177/1088868308315701. Epub 2008 Mar 27.
A functional framework explains the influence of implicit and explicit motives on autobiographical memory. Personality motives at different levels of awareness are differentially activated by the social context and, in turn, engage memory processes. Research shows that these motives influence both what and how autobiographical events are remembered. Specifically, implicit motives modulate encoding and recall of emotional experiences, vivid memories, and event-specific knowledge through nonconscious organizing strategies that facilitate affective end states. Explicit motives modulate encoding and recall of events linked to self-concept stability change, as well as routine experiences and general event scripts that represent typical self-attributed behaviors that facilitate the attainment of current goals. Research from narrative essays, self-report data, and controlled experiments demonstrates that implicit and explicit motives have a differential influence on each step of the memory process. An integrative framework explains this research from a functional perspective.
一个功能框架解释了内隐动机和外显动机对自传体记忆的影响。不同意识水平的人格动机被社会环境以不同方式激活，进而影响记忆过程。研究表明，这些动机既影响自传体事件的记忆内容，也影响记忆方式。具体而言，内隐动机通过促进情感终态的非意识组织策略来调节情感体验、生动记忆和特定事件知识的编码与回忆。外显动机则调节与自我概念稳定性变化相关事件的编码与回忆，以及代表有助于实现当前目标的典型自我归因行为的日常经历和一般事件脚本的编码与回忆。来自叙事散文、自我报告数据和对照实验的研究表明，内隐动机和外显动机对记忆过程的每一步都有不同影响。一个综合框架从功能角度解释了这项研究。
