Perry Lynn K, Smith Linda B, Hockema Stephen A
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
Dev Sci. 2008 May;11(3):F17-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00672.x.
Recent research has shown that 2-year-olds fail at a task that ostensibly only requires the ability to understand that solid objects cannot pass through other solid objects. Two experiments were conducted in which 2- and 3-year-olds judged the stopping point of an object as it moved at varying speeds along a path and behind an occluder, stopping at a barrier visible above the occluder. Three-year-olds were able to take into account the barrier when searching for the object, while 2-year-olds were not. However, both groups judged faster moving objects to travel farther as indicated by their incorrect reaches. Thus, the results show that young children's sensori-motor representations exhibit a form of representational momentum. This unifies the perceptually based representations of early childhood with adults' dynamic representations that incorporate physical regularities but that are also available to conscious reasoning.
最近的研究表明，两岁的儿童在一项表面上只需要理解固体物体不能穿过其他固体物体这一能力的任务中表现不佳。进行了两项实验，让两岁和三岁的儿童判断一个物体在沿着一条路径以不同速度移动并在一个遮挡物后面时的停止点，该物体在遮挡物上方可见的障碍物处停止。三岁的儿童在寻找物体时能够考虑到障碍物，而两岁的儿童则不能。然而，两组儿童都认为移动速度更快的物体移动得更远，这从他们错误的伸手动作中可以看出。因此，结果表明幼儿的感觉运动表征表现出一种表征动量的形式。这将幼儿基于感知的表征与成年人的动态表征统一起来，成年人的动态表征包含物理规律，但也可用于有意识的推理。
