Mori Shiro, Nakamoto Hiroki, Shirai Nobu, Imanaka Kuniyasu
Faculty of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 30;13:882913. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.882913. eCollection 2022.
Representational momentum (RM) is a well-known phenomenon that occurs when a moving object vanishes suddenly and the memory of its final or vanishing position is displaced forward in the direction of its motion. Many studies have shown evidence of various perceptual and cognitive characteristics of RM in various daily aspects, sports, development, and aging. Here we examined the longitudinal developmental changes in the displacement magnitudes of RM among younger (5-year-old) and older (6-year-old) nursery school children for pointing and judging tasks. In our experiments, the children were asked to point at by their finger (pointing task) and judge the spatial location (judging task) of the vanishing point of a moving stimulus. Our results showed that the mean magnitudes of RM significantly decreased from 5- to 6-year-old children for the pointing and judging tasks, although the mean magnitude of RM was significantly greater in the 5-year-old children for the pointing task but not for the judging task. We further examined the developmental changes in RM for a wide range of ages based on data from the present study (5-year-old children) and our previous study (7- and 11-year-old children and 22-year-old adults). This examination showed that the magnitude of RM was significantly greater in 5-year-old children than in adults for the pointing and judging tasks. Our findings suggest that the magnitude of RM was significantly greater in young children than in adults and significantly decreased in young children through adults for the pointing and judging tasks.
表征动量（RM）是一种著名的现象，当一个移动物体突然消失时就会出现，并且对其最终或消失位置的记忆会在其运动方向上向前偏移。许多研究已经在日常各个方面、体育、发育和衰老中显示出RM各种感知和认知特征的证据。在此，我们研究了幼儿园小班的年幼（5岁）和年长（6岁）儿童在指向和判断任务中RM位移大小的纵向发育变化。在我们的实验中，要求儿童用手指指向（指向任务）并判断移动刺激消失点的空间位置（判断任务）。我们的结果表明，对于指向和判断任务，RM的平均大小在5岁至6岁儿童中显著降低，尽管在指向任务中5岁儿童的RM平均大小显著更大，但在判断任务中并非如此。我们基于本研究（5岁儿童）和我们之前的研究（7岁、11岁儿童及22岁成年人）的数据，进一步研究了不同年龄段RM的发育变化。这项研究表明，对于指向和判断任务，5岁儿童的RM大小显著大于成年人。我们的研究结果表明，对于指向和判断任务，幼儿的RM大小显著大于成年人，并且从幼儿到成年人RM大小显著降低。
