de-Oliveira L D, Carciofi A C, Oliveira M C C, Vasconcellos R S, Bazolli R S, Pereira G T, Prada F
Sao Paulo State University, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Sep;86(9):2237-46. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0354. Epub 2008 May 9.
The effects of diets with different starch sources on the total tract apparent digestibility and glucose and insulin responses in cats were investigated. Six experimental diets consisting of 35% starch were extruded, each containing one of the following ingredients: cassava flour, brewers rice, corn, sorghum, peas, or lentils. The experiment was carried out on 36 cats with 6 replications per diet in a completely randomized block design. The brewers rice diet offered greater DM, OM, and GE digestibility than the sorghum, corn, lentil, and pea diets (P < 0.05). For starch digestibility, the brewers rice diet had greater values (98.6%) than the sorghum (93.9%), lentil (95.2%), and pea (96.3%) diets (P < 0.05); however, starch digestibility was >93% for all the diets, proving that despite the low carbohydrate content of carnivorous diets, cats can efficiently digest this nutrient when it is properly processed into kibble. Mean and maximum glucose concentration and area under the glucose curve were greater for the corn-based diet than the cassava flour, sorghum, lentil, and pea diets (P < 0.05). The corn-based diets led to greater values for the mean glucose incremental concentration (10.2 mg/dL), maximum glucose incremental concentration (24.8 mg/dL), and area under the incremental glucose curve (185.5 mg.dL(-1).h(-1)) than the lentil diet (2.9 mg/dL, 3.1 mg/dL, and -40.4 mg.dL(-1).h(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). When compared with baseline values, only the corn diet stimulated an increase in the glucose response, occurring at 4 and 10 h postmeal (P < 0.05). The corn-based diet resulted in greater values for maximum incremental insulin concentration and area under the incremental insulin curve than the lentil-based diet (P < 0.05). However, plasma insulin concentrations rose in relation to the basal values for cats fed corn, sorghum, pea, and brewers rice diets (P < 0.05). Variations in diet digestibility and postprandial response can be explained by differences in the chemical composition of the starch source, including fiber content and granule structure, and also differences in the chemical compositions of the diets. The data suggest that starch has less of an effect on the cat postprandial glucose and insulin responses than on those of dogs and humans. This can be explained by the metabolic peculiarities of felines, which may slow and prolong starch digestion and absorption, leading to the delayed, less pronounced effects on their blood responses.
研究了不同淀粉来源的日粮对猫全肠道表观消化率以及葡萄糖和胰岛素反应的影响。制备了六种含35%淀粉的挤压实验日粮，每种日粮含有以下成分之一：木薯粉、啤酒糟大米、玉米、高粱、豌豆或小扁豆。实验在36只猫上进行，每种日粮6个重复，采用完全随机区组设计。啤酒糟大米日粮的干物质、有机物和总能消化率高于高粱、玉米、小扁豆和豌豆日粮（P<0.05）。对于淀粉消化率，啤酒糟大米日粮的值（98.6%）高于高粱（93.9%）、小扁豆（95.2%）和豌豆（96.3%）日粮（P<0.05）；然而，所有日粮的淀粉消化率均>93%，这证明尽管肉食性日粮碳水化合物含量低，但当碳水化合物被妥善加工成干粮时，猫能够有效地消化这种营养素。以玉米为基础的日粮的平均和最大葡萄糖浓度以及葡萄糖曲线下面积高于木薯粉、高粱、小扁豆和豌豆日粮（P<0.05）。与小扁豆日粮相比，以玉米为基础的日粮的平均葡萄糖增量浓度（10.2mg/dL）、最大葡萄糖增量浓度（24.8mg/dL）和增量葡萄糖曲线下面积（185.5mg·dL⁻¹·h⁻¹）的值更高（分别为2.9mg/dL、3.1mg/dL和-40.4mg·dL⁻¹·h⁻¹；P<0.05）。与基线值相比，只有玉米日粮刺激了葡萄糖反应的增加，在餐后4小时和10小时出现（P<0.05）。与以小扁豆为基础的日粮相比，以玉米为基础的日粮的最大增量胰岛素浓度和增量胰岛素曲线下面积的值更高（P<0.05）。然而，对于喂食玉米、高粱、豌豆和啤酒糟大米日粮的猫，血浆胰岛素浓度相对于基础值升高（P<0.05）。日粮消化率和餐后反应的差异可以通过淀粉来源的化学成分差异来解释，包括纤维含量和颗粒结构，以及日粮化学成分的差异。数据表明，淀粉对猫餐后葡萄糖和胰岛素反应的影响比对狗和人的影响小。这可以用猫科动物的代谢特性来解释，其可能会减慢并延长淀粉的消化和吸收，导致对其血液反应的影响延迟且不明显。
