Clark C A, Gardiner J, McBurney M I, Anderson S, Weatherspoon L J, Henry D N, Hord N G
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Sep;60(9):1122-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602427. Epub 2006 May 3.
We tested the relative importance of a low-glycemic response versus a high glycemic response breakfast meal on postprandial serum glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) responses after consumption of a standardized mid-day meal in adult individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Following an overnight fast of 8-10 h, a randomized crossover intervention using control and test meals was conducted over a 3-week-period. A fasting baseline measurement and postprandial measurements at various time intervals after the breakfast and mid-day meal were taken.
Forty-five Type 2 DM subjects completed the requirements and were included in the study results.
Two different breakfast meals were administered during the intervention: (A) a high glycemic load breakfast meal consisting of farina (kJ 1833; carbohydrate (CHO) 78 g and psylium soluble fiber 0 g), (B) a low-glycemic load breakfast meal consisting of a fiber-loop cereal (kJ 1515; CHO 62 g and psyllium soluble fiber 6.6 g). A standardized lunch was provided approximately 4 h after breakfast. Blood plasma concentrations and area under the curve (AUC) values for glucose, insulin and FFA were measured in response to the breakfast and mid-day lunch. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (8.02). Comparisons between diets were based on adjusted Bonferroni t-tests.
In post-breakfast analyses, Breakfast B had significantly lower area under the curve (AUC) values for plasma glucose and insulin compared to Breakfast A (P<0.05) (95% confidence level). The AUC values for FFA were higher for Breakfast B than for Breakfast A (P<0.05) (95% confidence level). Post-lunch analyses indicated similar glucose responses for the two breakfast types. Insulin AUC values for Breakfasts B were significantly lower than Breakfast A (P<0.05) (95% confidence level). The AUC values for FFA were unaffected by breakfast type.
These data indicate that ingesting a low-glycemic load meal containing psyllium soluble fiber at breakfast significantly improves the breakfast postprandial glycemic, insulinemic and FFA responses in adults with Type 2 DM. These data revealed no residual postprandial effect of the psyllium soluble fiber breakfast meal beyond the second meal consumed. Thus, there was no evidence of an improvement postprandially in the glycemic, insulinemic and FFA responses after the consumption of the lunch meal.
我们测试了低升糖反应早餐与高升糖反应早餐对2型糖尿病（DM）成年患者食用标准化午餐后餐后血清葡萄糖、胰岛素和游离脂肪酸（FFA）反应的相对重要性。
在8 - 10小时的过夜禁食后，在3周内使用对照餐和测试餐进行随机交叉干预。在早餐和午餐后的不同时间间隔进行空腹基线测量和餐后测量。
45名2型糖尿病受试者完成了相关要求并被纳入研究结果。
干预期间给予两种不同的早餐：（A）高升糖负荷早餐，由法里纳（能量1833千焦；碳水化合物（CHO）78克，洋车前子可溶性纤维0克）组成；（B）低升糖负荷早餐，由纤维圈谷物（能量1515千焦；CHO 62克，洋车前子可溶性纤维6.6克）组成。早餐后约4小时提供标准化午餐。测量早餐和午餐后血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素和FFA的浓度及曲线下面积（AUC）值。使用SAS软件（8.02）进行统计分析。饮食之间的比较基于校正后的Bonferroni t检验。
早餐后分析中，与早餐A相比，早餐B的血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素曲线下面积（AUC）值显著更低（P<0.05）（95%置信水平）。早餐B的FFA的AUC值高于早餐A（P<0.05）（95%置信水平）。午餐后分析表明两种早餐类型的葡萄糖反应相似。早餐B的胰岛素AUC值显著低于早餐A（P<0.05）（95%置信水平）。FFA的AUC值不受早餐类型影响。
这些数据表明早餐摄入含洋车前子可溶性纤维的低升糖负荷餐可显著改善2型糖尿病成年患者早餐后的血糖、胰岛素和FFA反应。这些数据显示，除了第二餐外，洋车前子可溶性纤维早餐餐没有餐后残留效应。因此，没有证据表明午餐后血糖、胰岛素和FFA反应在餐后有所改善。
