Selby J H, Strydom R
Richards Bay, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
Health Phys. 2008 Jun;94(6):539-47. doi: 10.1097/01.HP.0000308503.41839.34.
Previous studies have focused on the radiological properties of glazed ceramic tiles. This study was conducted to describe the radiological properties of porcelain tiles and how they were affected by variations in the manufacturing parameters. The data showed that the majority of the uranium in the tiles was attributable to the addition of zircon while less than half of the thorium in the tile was attributable to the added zircon, and the remainder came from other minerals in the formulation. The effects of firing temperatures and compressive strengths of the tiles are presented and show that higher firing temperatures increase radon emanation, while higher compressive strengths reduce radon emanation. The study also described how the addition of zircon to the tile formulation affected the radiological exposures that could be received by a member of the public from the use of such porcelain tiles. A dose assessment was conducted based on 23 different types of tile formulation. Screening procedures for building materials have been described in European Commission documents, and these limit the addition of zircon in a porcelain tile to approximately 9% by mass. The dose assessment reported in this study showed that 20% zircon could be added to a porcelain tile without exceeding the prescribed dose limits.
以往的研究集中在釉面瓷砖的放射特性上。本研究旨在描述瓷砖的放射特性以及它们如何受到制造参数变化的影响。数据表明，瓷砖中的大部分铀归因于锆的添加，而瓷砖中钍的不到一半归因于添加的锆，其余来自配方中的其他矿物质。给出了瓷砖烧成温度和抗压强度的影响，结果表明较高的烧成温度会增加氡的析出，而较高的抗压强度会降低氡的析出。该研究还描述了在瓷砖配方中添加锆如何影响公众使用此类瓷砖时可能受到的辐射暴露。基于23种不同类型的瓷砖配方进行了剂量评估。欧盟委员会文件中描述了建筑材料的筛选程序，这些程序将瓷砖中锆的添加量限制在约9%（质量）。本研究报告的剂量评估表明，在不超过规定剂量限制的情况下，瓷砖中可添加20%的锆。
