Magdorf Klaus, Detjen Anne K
Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Chest Clinic Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
Eur J Pediatr. 2008 Aug;167(8):927-38. doi: 10.1007/s00431-008-0730-1. Epub 2008 May 10.
The incidence of childhood tuberculosis continues to decline in central Europe, but due to migration from high incidence countries paediatricians will still be confronted with it. The management of childhood tuberculosis in low-incidence, high-income countries differs from most high-incidence countries. The primary measures for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis to children are the detection of adult source cases, detection of latent TB infection (LTBI) in children by history, tuberculin skin testing and, if necessary and recommended, interferon-gamma release assays. Children with LTBI should receive preventive therapy. The inclusion of tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of unclear pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease remains important, and tuberculosis has to be managed according to international standards.
中欧儿童结核病的发病率持续下降，但由于来自高发病率国家的移民，儿科医生仍会面临这一问题。在低发病率、高收入国家，儿童结核病的管理与大多数高发病率国家不同。预防结核病传播给儿童的主要措施包括发现成人传染源、通过病史、结核菌素皮肤试验以及必要时并根据建议采用干扰素-γ释放试验检测儿童的潜伏性结核感染（LTBI）。LTBI儿童应接受预防性治疗。将结核病纳入不明原因肺部和肺外疾病的鉴别诊断仍很重要，且必须按照国际标准对结核病进行管理。
