Santangelo Valerio, Spence Charles
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
Conscious Cogn. 2008 Sep;17(3):989-1015. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.02.006. Epub 2008 May 9.
The last decade has seen great progress in the study of the nature of crossmodal links in exogenous and endogenous spatial attention (see [Spence, C., McDonald, J., & Driver, J. (2004). Exogenous spatial cuing studies of human crossmodal attention and multisensory integration. In C. Spence, & J. Driver (Eds.), Crossmodal space and crossmodal attention (pp. 277-320). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.], for a recent review). A growing body of research now highlights the existence of robust crossmodal links between auditory, visual, and tactile spatial attention. However, until recently, studies of exogenous and endogenous attention have proceeded relatively independently. In daily life, however, these two forms of attentional orienting continuously compete for the control of our attentional resources, and ultimately, our awareness. It is therefore critical to try and understand how exogenous and endogenous attention interact in both the unimodal context of the laboratory and the multisensory contexts that are more representative of everyday life. To date, progress in understanding the interaction between these two forms of orienting has primarily come from unimodal studies of visual attention. We therefore start by summarizing what has been learned from this large body of empirical research, before going on to review more recent studies that have started to investigate the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in a multisensory setting. We also discuss the evidence suggesting that exogenous spatial orienting is not truly automatic, at least when assessed in a crossmodal context. Several possible models describing the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting are outlined and then evaluated in terms of the extant data.
在过去十年中，对外源性和内源性空间注意中跨模态联系的本质研究取得了巨大进展（见[斯彭斯，C.，麦克唐纳，J.，& 德赖弗，J.（2004年）。人类跨模态注意和多感官整合的外源性空间线索研究。载于C. 斯彭斯和J. 德赖弗编著的《跨模态空间与跨模态注意》（第277 - 320页）。英国牛津：牛津大学出版社。]，获取近期综述）。现在越来越多的研究凸显了听觉、视觉和触觉空间注意之间存在强大的跨模态联系。然而，直到最近，外源性和内源性注意的研究相对独立地进行。然而，在日常生活中，这两种注意力定向形式不断竞争对我们注意力资源以及最终对我们意识的控制。因此，尝试理解外源性和内源性注意在实验室的单模态情境以及更能代表日常生活的多感官情境中如何相互作用至关重要。迄今为止，在理解这两种定向形式之间的相互作用方面取得的进展主要来自对视觉注意的单模态研究。因此，我们首先总结从大量实证研究中学到的内容，然后再回顾最近开始研究多感官环境中内源性和外源性定向之间相互作用的研究。我们还讨论了表明外源性空间定向并非真正自动的证据，至少在跨模态情境中评估时是这样。概述了几种描述内源性和外源性定向之间相互作用的可能模型，然后根据现有数据进行评估。
