Chattopadhyay B P, Saiyed H N, Roychowdhury A, Alam J
Regional Occupational Health Centre (Eastern), Indian Council of Medical Research, Respiratory Physiology Division, Block-DP, Sec-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata.
J Environ Sci Eng. 2007 Oct;49(4):309-16.
The increase of industrial activities in the Angul-Talcher area, Orissa resulted in indiscriminate disposal of waste into the environment leading to the deterioration of the quality of the environment, which affects the health of the workers as well as the community people. Considering the magnitude of the problem, the pulmonary function study had been carried out in one of the largest aluminium producing plant of the country as well as surrounding community people. Aluminium is produced from oxides of alumina by Hall-Heroult smelting process. The electrolysis called as aluminium smelting is carried out in an electrolytic cell (pot) having anode, cathode and electrolyte. The aluminium is deposited in the cathode and the oxygen moves towards anode is released. The workers working at the captive power plant (CPP), which is necessary to meet the power demand of the smelter plant were also investigated. 180 smelter plants workers (non-smoker 129, smoker-51) of different sections and 37 captive power plant workers (non-smoker 29, smoker-8) had undergone pulmonary function tests. Besides these, 85 persons from the surrounding community (non-smoker-66, smoker-19) were also investigated. The workers were all male. Spirometric assessments of Vital Capacity (VC), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were done by Spirovit-sp-10 (Schiller Health Care Ltd, Switzerland) and Wrights Peak flow meter (Clement and Clarke, UK). Different lung volumes like FEV1, FEV1%, and flow rates like FEF200-1200ml, FEF25-75% and FEF75-85% were calculated from the same tracings pulmonary function test (PFT) results of the workers according to different age groups, duration of exposures and smoking habits. The mean values of SVC, FVC and FEV1 of smelter plant workers were found higher compared to the community people but the values of captive power plant workers were very much close to the values of the community people. A gradual decrement of the PFT values was found as duration of exposure increased. Lung volumes and the flow rates were decreased as age increases but in some age groups that trend was not followed. It has been found that in each category of subjects, smokers have the higher mean pulmonary function values compared to the non-smokers. Except the community people in all other cases the different flow rates were found higher in nonsmokers compared to smokers. The restrictive, obstructive and combined restrictive and obstructive types of impairments among the subjects were noticed. The respiratory impairment among the workers as a whole was found higher in smelter plant workers (9.44%) followed by the captive power plant workers (5.40%) and the community people (2.35%). In smelter plant workers both the restrictive and obstructive impairments were found higher compared to captive power plant and the community people.
奥里萨邦安古尔 - 塔尔切尔地区工业活动的增加，导致废弃物被随意排放到环境中，致使环境质量恶化，这影响了工人以及社区居民的健康。鉴于该问题的严重性，在该国最大的铝生产厂之一及其周边社区居民中开展了肺功能研究。铝是通过霍尔 - 埃鲁尔冶炼工艺从氧化铝的氧化物中生产出来的。所谓的铝冶炼电解过程在具有阳极、阴极和电解质的电解槽（电解罐）中进行。铝沉积在阴极，向阳极移动的氧气被释放出来。对为满足冶炼厂电力需求而设立的自备电厂（CPP）的工人也进行了调查。180名不同部门的冶炼厂工人（非吸烟者129名，吸烟者51名）和37名自备电厂工人（非吸烟者29名，吸烟者8名）接受了肺功能测试。此外，还对周边社区的85人（非吸烟者66名，吸烟者19名）进行了调查。所有工人均为男性。使用Spirovit - sp - 10（瑞士席勒医疗保健有限公司）和赖特峰值流量计（英国克莱门特和克拉克公司）对肺活量（VC）、用力肺活量（FVC）和呼气峰值流速（PEFR）进行了肺量计评估。根据不同年龄组、接触时长和吸烟习惯，从工人相同的肺功能测试（PFT）结果记录中计算出不同的肺容积，如第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV1%，以及流速，如200 - 1200ml用力呼气流量（FEF200 - 1200ml）、25% - 75%用力呼气流量（FEF25 - 75%）和75% - 85%用力呼气流量（FEF75 - 85%）。发现冶炼厂工人的肺活量、用力肺活量和第一秒用力呼气容积的平均值高于社区居民，但自备电厂工人的值与社区居民的值非常接近。随着接触时长的增加，肺功能测试值逐渐下降。肺容积和流速随着年龄增长而降低，但在某些年龄组中未遵循这一趋势。已发现，在每类受试者中，吸烟者的平均肺功能值高于非吸烟者。除社区居民外，在所有其他情况下，发现非吸烟者的不同流速高于吸烟者。注意到受试者中存在限制性、阻塞性以及限制性和阻塞性合并类型的损伤。总体而言，冶炼厂工人的呼吸损伤率较高（9.44%），其次是自备电厂工人（5.40%）和社区居民（2.35%）。与自备电厂工人和社区居民相比，冶炼厂工人中限制性和阻塞性损伤均较高。
