Holt Richard I G
Endocrinology and Metabolism Subdivision, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Mar;22(2 Suppl):28-37. doi: 10.1177/0269881107087951.
Hyperprolactinaemia is the commonest endocrine disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and can lead to both short-term sexual dysfunction and galactorrhoea, and long-term loss of bone mineral density. Prolactin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland under the influence of dopamine, which exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion. Physiological regulators of prolactin secretion include many different types of 'stress' and sleep. Disruption of the normal control of prolactin secretion results in hyperprolactinaemia from pathological and pharmacological causes. The administration of antipsychotic medication is responsible for the high prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in people with severe mental illness. Physiological hyperprolactinaemia, such as pregnancy and lactation, should be distinguished from pathological causes to prevent unnecessary investigation and treatment. The causes, consequences and management of hyperprolactinaemia are discussed in this article.
高催乳素血症是下丘脑-垂体轴最常见的内分泌紊乱疾病，可导致短期性功能障碍和溢乳，以及长期骨矿物质密度流失。催乳素在前叶垂体受多巴胺影响分泌，多巴胺对催乳素分泌发挥着持续性抑制作用。催乳素分泌的生理调节因素包括多种不同类型的“应激”和睡眠。催乳素分泌正常调控的紊乱会因病理和药理原因导致高催乳素血症。抗精神病药物的使用是导致重症精神疾病患者高催乳素血症高发的原因。生理性高催乳素血症，如妊娠和哺乳期，应与病理性原因相区分，以避免不必要的检查和治疗。本文将讨论高催乳素血症的病因、后果及管理。
