Kemp Nenagh, Parrila Rauno K, Kirby John R
School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 30, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
Dyslexia. 2009 May;15(2):105-28. doi: 10.1002/dys.364.
Despite a history of reading or spelling difficulties, some adults attain age-appropriate spelling skills and succeed at university. We compared the spelling of 29 such high-functioning dyslexics with that of 28 typical students, matched on general spelling ability, and controlling for vocabulary and non-verbal intelligence. Participants wrote derived real and pseudo words, whose spelling relationship to their base forms was categorized as phonologically simple (apt-aptly), orthographically simple (deceit-deceitful), phonologically complex (ash-ashen), or orthographically complex (plenty-plentiful). Dyslexic participants spelled all word and pseudoword categories more poorly than controls. Both groups spelled simple phonological words best. Dyslexics were particularly poor at spelling simple orthographic words, whose letter patterns and rules must likely be memorized. In contrast, dyslexics wrote more plausible spellings of orthographic than phonological pseudowords, but this might be an artefact of their more variable spelling attempts. These results suggest that high-functioning dyslexics make some use of phonological skills to spell familiar words, but they have difficulty in memorizing orthographic patterns, which makes it difficult to spell unfamiliar words consistently in the absence of sufficient phonological cues or orthographic rules.
尽管有阅读或拼写困难的历史，但一些成年人仍具备符合年龄的拼写技能，并在大学取得成功。我们将29名这种高功能诵读困难者的拼写与28名典型学生的拼写进行了比较，这些典型学生在一般拼写能力上与之匹配，并控制了词汇量和非语言智力因素。参与者书写派生词、真实词和假词，这些词与它们词基形式的拼写关系被归类为语音简单（apt-aptly）、正字法简单（deceit-deceitful）、语音复杂（ash-ashen）或正字法复杂（plenty-plentiful）。诵读困难的参与者在拼写所有单词和假词类别上都比对照组差。两组都最擅长拼写简单的语音词。诵读困难者在拼写简单的正字法单词方面特别差，这些单词的字母模式和规则很可能需要记忆。相比之下，诵读困难者写出的正字法假词的拼写比语音假词更合理，但这可能是他们拼写尝试更具变异性的一种假象。这些结果表明，高功能诵读困难者在拼写熟悉的单词时会运用一些语音技能，但他们在记忆正字法模式方面存在困难，这使得在没有足够语音线索或正字法规则的情况下，很难始终如一地拼写不熟悉的单词。
