Department of Pharmacy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006 Aug;28(4):269-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00339.x.
The heartwood extract of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. was evaluated for the in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity and the in vivo melanin-reducing efficacy in human volunteers. The IC(50) of the extract and oxyresveratrol, its major active ingredient, against mushroom tyrosinase was determined to be 0.76 and 0.83 mug mL(-1), respectively. The extract dissolved in propylene glycol was subsequently tested in female volunteers using a parallel clinical trial with self-control (n = 20 per group). The first group received the 0.25% w/v A. lakoocha solution as the test solution, whereas the second and the third group, respectively, received 0.25% licorice extract and 3% kojic acid as the reference solutions in the same solvent. The subjects in each group twice daily applied the test (or reference) solution in one of her upper arm, whereas the remaining arm was treated with only propylene glycol (self-control) for 12 weeks. The melanin content of each application site was measured using Mexameter every week and calculated as % reduction in melanin content relative to the initial melanin value (% whitening). The value of % whitening was then compared between the product-treated and the propylene glycol-treated arms within the same subject using paired t-test (alpha = 0.05). The A. lakoocha extract was the most effective agent, giving the shortest onset of significant whitening effect after only 4 weeks of application (P < 0.05), followed by 3% kojic acid (6 weeks) and 0.25% licorice extract (10 weeks). The effect also increased with time with maximum whitening observed at week 12 for A. lakoocha extract. When the extract was formulated as an oil-in-water emulsion, its whitening efficacy was further enhanced. Daily application of 0.1% w/w A. lakoocha lotion to the upper arms (n = 25) and cheeks (n = 15) of volunteers produced significant whitening over the lotion base after 2 and 3 weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). Thus, the preliminary study suggested that the heartwood extract of A. lakoocha may have a promising potential for use as an effective and economical skin-whitening agent.
鸡腰果心材提取物的体外酪氨酸酶抑制活性和体内黑色素减少功效在人类志愿者中进行了评估。测定了提取物和其主要活性成分氧白藜芦醇对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的 IC(50)分别为 0.76 和 0.83μgmL(-1)。随后，将溶解在丙二醇中的提取物在具有自身对照的女性志愿者中进行平行临床试验（每组 20 人）进行测试。第一组接受 0.25%w/v 鸡腰果溶液作为测试溶液，而第二组和第三组分别接受 0.25%甘草提取物和 3%曲酸作为相同溶剂中的参考溶液。每组的受试者每天两次将测试（或参考）溶液涂于一只上臂，而另一只上臂仅用丙二醇（自身对照）处理 12 周。每周使用 Mexameter 测量每个应用部位的黑色素含量，并计算黑色素含量相对于初始黑色素值的减少百分比（%美白）。然后，使用配对 t 检验（alpha = 0.05）在同一受试者内比较产品处理臂和丙二醇处理臂之间的%美白值。鸡腰果提取物是最有效的制剂，仅在应用 4 周后即可获得明显美白效果的最短起效时间（P < 0.05），其次是 3%曲酸（6 周）和 0.25%甘草提取物（10 周）。随着时间的推移，美白效果也会增加，鸡腰果提取物在第 12 周时达到最大美白效果。当提取物被制成油包水乳液时，其美白功效得到进一步增强。志愿者的上臂（n = 25）和脸颊（n = 15）每天应用 0.1%w/w 鸡腰果乳液，在乳液基质上分别在 2 周和 3 周后产生显著美白效果（P < 0.05）。因此，初步研究表明，鸡腰果心材提取物可能具有作为有效且经济的皮肤美白剂的潜在应用前景。
