Pavlova Alexandra, Zink Robert M, Drovetski Sergei V, Rohwer Sievert
Bell Museum, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2008 Jul;48(1):61-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.030. Epub 2008 Apr 4.
Climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary resulted in a dynamic history of species' range shifts, fragmentations and expansions. Some of these events left traces in the genetic structures of plants and animals. Recent avian phylogeographic studies demonstrated that Holarctic birds responded idiosyncratically to Pleistocene climate fluctuations. We present phylogeographic analyses of the Holarctic collared sand martin (Riparia riparia) and the Asian pale sand martin (Riparia diluta), which were considered conspecific until recently. Mitochondrial and nuclear sequences confirm species status of the pale sand martin; the two species diverged sometime between late Pliocene and middle Pleistocene, but precise dates could not be provided without calibration of the substitution rate. Within the pale sand martin, we found two mitochondrial clades that are likely to have diverged in the Pleistocene, one from Central Siberia, and the other restricted to Mongolia. The two clades were sympatric with the collared sand martin in Buryatiya and Mongolia, respectively. The mitochondrial gene genealogy and phi(st) analysis of the collared sand martin haplotypes indicate recent, but not ongoing, gene exchange between North America and Eurasia, and restricted gene flow between western and eastern Siberia that likely resulted from historic fragmentation of the species' range during the last glacial maximum.
第四纪期间的气候波动导致了物种分布范围的动态变化历史，包括范围转移、碎片化和扩张。其中一些事件在动植物的遗传结构中留下了痕迹。最近的鸟类系统地理学研究表明，全北区的鸟类对更新世气候波动的反应各不相同。我们对全北区的领燕（Riparia riparia）和亚洲淡色燕（Riparia diluta）进行了系统地理学分析，这两个物种直到最近还被视为同种。线粒体和核序列证实了淡色燕的物种地位；这两个物种在上新世晚期至中更新世之间的某个时间分化，但如果不校准替换率，就无法提供精确的日期。在淡色燕中，我们发现了两个可能在更新世分化的线粒体分支，一个来自西伯利亚中部，另一个局限于蒙古。这两个分支分别在布里亚特和蒙古与领燕同域分布。领燕单倍型的线粒体基因谱系和φ(st)分析表明，北美和欧亚大陆之间最近存在基因交流，但目前没有，并且西伯利亚西部和东部之间的基因流动受限，这可能是由于末次盛冰期该物种分布范围的历史碎片化造成的。
