Mallory Allison C, Bouché Nicolas
Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France.
Trends Plant Sci. 2008 Jul;13(7):359-67. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.03.007. Epub 2008 May 22.
Gene expression is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional pathways, which are crucial for optimizing gene output and for coordinating cellular programs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression networks necessary for proper development, cell viability and stress responses. In plants and animals, 20-24-nt miRNAs direct cleavage and translational repression of partially complementary mRNA target transcripts, through conserved ARGONAUTE proteins. In plants, certain miRNAs indirectly regulate developmental programs by instigating the production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In addition, non-cleavable plant miRNA targets sequester miRNAs, thus regulating miRNA availability. This review summarizes the complexities and diversity of plant miRNA-directed gene regulatory mechanisms and highlights the use of miRNAs for the specific knockdown of gene expression in plants.
基因表达受转录和转录后途径调控，这对于优化基因输出以及协调细胞程序至关重要。微小RNA（miRNA）调控着正常发育、细胞活力和应激反应所必需的基因表达网络。在植物和动物中，20 - 24个核苷酸的miRNA通过保守的AGO蛋白指导部分互补的mRNA靶转录本的切割和翻译抑制。在植物中，某些miRNA通过促使小干扰RNA（siRNA）的产生间接调控发育程序。此外，不可切割的植物miRNA靶标隔离miRNA，从而调节miRNA的可用性。本综述总结了植物miRNA介导的基因调控机制的复杂性和多样性，并强调了miRNA在植物中特异性敲低基因表达的应用。
