Baloch Zubair W, LiVolsi Virginia A
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 Founders Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2008 Jun;37(2):297-310, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2007.12.001.
Thyroid neoplasms are classified into three major categories: epithelial, nonepithelial, and secondary. Most primary epithelial tumors of thyroid are derived from follicular cells. These include follicular adenoma and carcinoma (Hürthle and non-Hürthle), and papillary carcinoma and its variants. Other primary epithelial tumors include medullary carcinoma, mixed medullary and follicular carcinomas, insular and poorly differentiated carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, and the least common squamous carcinoma and related tumors. The nonepithelial tumors are rare; the most common include malignant lymphoma and tumors arising from the mesenchymal elements. The secondary tumors represent metastatic tumors to the thyroid usually originating in lung, kidney, and breast. In this article, the authors review the unusual tumors of the thyroid, their morphologic features, and clinical and prognostic implications.
上皮性、非上皮性和继发性。大多数甲状腺原发性上皮性肿瘤起源于滤泡细胞。这些包括滤泡性腺瘤和癌（许特莱细胞型和非许特莱细胞型）、乳头状癌及其变异型。其他原发性上皮性肿瘤包括髓样癌、髓样和滤泡混合性癌、岛状癌和低分化癌、未分化癌，以及最罕见的鳞状细胞癌和相关肿瘤。非上皮性肿瘤罕见；最常见的包括恶性淋巴瘤和起源于间叶成分的肿瘤。继发性肿瘤是通常起源于肺、肾和乳腺的甲状腺转移性肿瘤。在本文中，作者回顾了甲状腺的罕见肿瘤、它们的形态学特征以及临床和预后意义。
