Wang Wen-Xiong, Rainbow Philip S
College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, PR China.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;148(4):315-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.04.003. Epub 2008 Apr 13.
Over the past decades, comparative physiology and biochemistry approaches have played a significant role in understanding the complexity of metal bioaccumulation in aquatic animals. Such a comparative approach is now further aided by the biokinetic modeling approach which can be used to predict the rates and routes of metal bioaccumulation and assist in the interpretation of accumulated body metal concentrations in aquatic animals. In this review, we illustrate a few examples of using the combined comparative and biokinetic modeling approaches to further our understanding of metal accumulation in aquatic animals. We highlight recent studies on the different accumulation patterns of metals in different species of invertebrates and fish, and between various aquatic systems (freshwater and marine). Comparative metal biokinetics can explain the differences in metal bioaccumulation among bivalves, although it is still difficult to explain the evolutionary basis for the different accumulated metal body concentrations (e.g., why some species have high metal concentrations). Both physiological/biochemical responses and metal geochemistry are responsible for the differences in metal concentrations observed in different populations of aquatic species, or between freshwater and marine species. A comparative approach is especially important for metal biology research, due to the very complicated and potentially variable physiological handling of metals during their accumulation, sequestration, distribution and elimination in different aquatic species or between different aquatic systems.
在过去几十年中，比较生理学和生物化学方法在理解水生动物体内金属生物积累的复杂性方面发挥了重要作用。生物动力学建模方法进一步辅助了这种比较方法，该方法可用于预测金属生物积累的速率和途径，并有助于解释水生动物体内积累的金属浓度。在本综述中，我们举例说明了使用比较和生物动力学建模相结合的方法来进一步理解水生动物体内金属积累的情况。我们重点介绍了最近关于不同种类无脊椎动物和鱼类以及不同水生系统（淡水和海洋）中金属不同积累模式的研究。比较金属生物动力学可以解释双壳贝类之间金属生物积累的差异，尽管仍然难以解释不同积累的金属体内浓度的进化基础（例如，为什么有些物种的金属浓度很高）。生理/生化反应和金属地球化学都是造成不同水生生物种群或淡水和海洋物种之间观察到的金属浓度差异的原因。由于在不同水生物种或不同水生系统中金属在积累、螯合、分布和消除过程中生理处理非常复杂且可能变化，比较方法对金属生物学研究尤为重要。
