Piva A, Grilli E, Fabbri L, Pizzamiglio V, Gatta P P, Galvano F, Bognanno M, Fiorentini L, Woliński J, Zabielski R, Patterson J A
DIMORFIPA, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Nov;86(11):2952-61. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0402. Epub 2008 May 23.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of a microencapsulated blend of tributyrin and lactitol (TL) to a standard European (EU) diet without antibiotic growth promoters on intestinal metabolism and mucosa development of weaned piglets and to compare it with a standard US diet containing animal proteins, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, and carbadox. Ninety piglets weaned at 21 d were divided into 3 dietary groups consisting of 5 replicates each: 1) US diet supplemented with 55 mg/kg of carbadox, and 2.5% each of plasma proteins and spray-dried blood cells in the first phase, 3,055 mg/kg of Zn in the first and second phases, and 180 mg/kg of Cu in the third phase; 2) EU diet based on vegetable proteins and no antibiotics; and 3) the same EU diet supplemented with 3,000 mg/kg of microencapsulated TL. The study was divided into 3 phases: 0 to 7, 8 to 21, and 22 to 35 d. On d 7, 21, and 35, animals were weighed, and feed consumption and efficiency were determined. On d 14 and 35, one pig per pen was killed, and the intestinal contents and mucosa from the proximal, middle, distal jejunum and the ileum were sampled. Intestinal wall sections were fixed for histological analysis, and intestinal content was used for VFA, ammonia, and polyamine analysis. Throughout the study (d 0 to 35), the US diet had greater ADG and ADFI than the EU diet (P < 0.05). The EU diet supplemented with TL tended to have 11% greater ADG (P = 0.17). Feeding the EU diet caused a reduction in proximal and middle jejunum villi length by 10% (P < 0.05) and an increase in crypt size in proximal jejunum (P < 0.05) compared with the US diet, probably due to an increased rate of cell loss and crypt cell production. The TL supplementation resulted in longer villi along the jejunum and less deep crypts in the proximal jejunum (+15.9 and -8.9%, respectively; P < 0.05) than the unsupplemented EU diet. The TL diet increased the concentrations of cadaverine and putrescine in the small intestine (P < 0.05) and seemed to increase cadaverine, histamine, putrescine, and spermine in the large intestine by 1.5- to 10-fold compared with the US or EU diet. In conclusion, although the US diet had a greater effect on growth performance and mucosal trophic status than the EU diets, the supplementation with slowly released TL seemed to be an effective tool to partially overcome the adverse effects of vegetable protein diets.
本研究的目的是调查在不含抗生素生长促进剂的标准欧洲（EU）日粮中添加微囊化的丁酸甘油酯和乳糖醇混合物（TL）对断奶仔猪肠道代谢和黏膜发育的影响，并将其与含有动物蛋白、氧化锌、硫酸铜和卡巴氧的标准美国日粮进行比较。90头21日龄断奶仔猪被分为3个日粮组，每组5个重复：1）美国日粮，在第一阶段添加55mg/kg卡巴氧、2.5%的血浆蛋白和喷雾干燥血细胞，在第一和第二阶段添加3055mg/kg锌，在第三阶段添加180mg/kg铜；2）基于植物蛋白且无抗生素的欧盟日粮；3）相同的欧盟日粮添加3000mg/kg微囊化TL。研究分为3个阶段：0至7天、8至21天和22至35天。在第7天、21天和35天，对动物进行称重，并测定采食量和饲料效率。在第14天和35天，每栏宰杀1头猪，采集空肠近端、中段、远端和回肠的肠内容物和黏膜。将肠壁切片固定用于组织学分析，肠内容物用于挥发性脂肪酸、氨和多胺分析。在整个研究期间（0至35天），美国日粮的平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）均高于欧盟日粮（P<0.05）。添加TL的欧盟日粮的ADG有高出11%的趋势（P=0.17）。与美国日粮相比，饲喂欧盟日粮导致空肠近端和中段绒毛长度减少10%（P<0.05），空肠近端隐窝大小增加（P<0.05），这可能是由于细胞损失率和隐窝细胞生成率增加所致。与未添加TL的欧盟日粮相比，添加TL使空肠绒毛更长，空肠近端隐窝更浅（分别增加15.9%和减少8.9%；P<0.05）。TL日粮增加了小肠中尸胺和腐胺的浓度（P<0.05），与美国或欧盟日粮相比，似乎使大肠中尸胺、组胺、腐胺和精胺增加了1.5至10倍。总之，尽管美国日粮对生长性能和黏膜营养状况的影响大于欧盟日粮，但添加缓释TL似乎是部分克服植物蛋白日粮不利影响的有效手段。
