New data on skin photoprotection.

Absorbed ultraviolet (UV) radiation is responsible for photochemical degradation of the skin. Erythema is the most apparent result of the sunburn reaction, but the most serious results are photoaging and photocarcinogenesis, largely mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). To prevent these light-induced reactions, effective protection against both UVB and UVA radiations are essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy against both UVB and UVA rays of three sunscreen preparations (two creams and one lotion), evaluating also their water resistance. For this purpose SPF (Sun Protection Factor) and UVA protection were tested, respectively, on 40 and 20 pre-selected volunteers (male and female, < 22-years-old with skin types I, II and III) by the Colipa test method and the Mark et al. methodology. A wash-off test was also conducted to determine the resistance to water. Results obtained showed that the three formulations studied underline interesting SPF values from about 20-30 with an excellent correlation between visual and colorimetric results obtained (P < 0.05). The controlled decrease in effectiveness of only 20% after 10 min washing proved that the vehicle is also an important factor in determining the protective efficacy. From the obtained data, the studied formulations seem to have an high SPF and UVA protection efficacy together with a good water resistance. According to several other studies, it is possible to confirm therefore that the regular use of these sunscreens may certainly reduce the harmful effect caused by long-term exposure to UVB and UVA radiation.